From 45d62e5a06c7e9843315f5893d976d6082440da6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Paul Menzel Date: Thu, 17 Nov 2016 15:02:34 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 01/11] Documentation: Add file `SubmittingPatches` from git project Copy the file `SubmittingPatches` from the git project at the revision below. ``` $ git describe --tags v2.11.0-rc1 ``` --- Documenation/SubmittingPatches | 520 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 520 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Documenation/SubmittingPatches diff --git a/Documenation/SubmittingPatches b/Documenation/SubmittingPatches new file mode 100644 index 000000000..08352deaa --- /dev/null +++ b/Documenation/SubmittingPatches @@ -0,0 +1,520 @@ +Here are some guidelines for people who want to contribute their code +to this software. + +(0) Decide what to base your work on. + +In general, always base your work on the oldest branch that your +change is relevant to. + + - A bugfix should be based on 'maint' in general. If the bug is not + present in 'maint', base it on 'master'. For a bug that's not yet + in 'master', find the topic that introduces the regression, and + base your work on the tip of the topic. + + - A new feature should be based on 'master' in general. If the new + feature depends on a topic that is in 'pu', but not in 'master', + base your work on the tip of that topic. + + - Corrections and enhancements to a topic not yet in 'master' should + be based on the tip of that topic. If the topic has not been merged + to 'next', it's alright to add a note to squash minor corrections + into the series. + + - In the exceptional case that a new feature depends on several topics + not in 'master', start working on 'next' or 'pu' privately and send + out patches for discussion. Before the final merge, you may have to + wait until some of the dependent topics graduate to 'master', and + rebase your work. + + - Some parts of the system have dedicated maintainers with their own + repositories (see the section "Subsystems" below). Changes to + these parts should be based on their trees. + +To find the tip of a topic branch, run "git log --first-parent +master..pu" and look for the merge commit. The second parent of this +commit is the tip of the topic branch. + +(1) Make separate commits for logically separate changes. + +Unless your patch is really trivial, you should not be sending +out a patch that was generated between your working tree and +your commit head. Instead, always make a commit with complete +commit message and generate a series of patches from your +repository. It is a good discipline. + +Give an explanation for the change(s) that is detailed enough so +that people can judge if it is good thing to do, without reading +the actual patch text to determine how well the code does what +the explanation promises to do. + +If your description starts to get too long, that's a sign that you +probably need to split up your commit to finer grained pieces. +That being said, patches which plainly describe the things that +help reviewers check the patch, and future maintainers understand +the code, are the most beautiful patches. Descriptions that summarise +the point in the subject well, and describe the motivation for the +change, the approach taken by the change, and if relevant how this +differs substantially from the prior version, are all good things +to have. + +Make sure that you have tests for the bug you are fixing. See +t/README for guidance. + +When adding a new feature, make sure that you have new tests to show +the feature triggers the new behavior when it should, and to show the +feature does not trigger when it shouldn't. After any code change, make +sure that the entire test suite passes. + +If you have an account at GitHub (and you can get one for free to work +on open source projects), you can use their Travis CI integration to +test your changes on Linux, Mac (and hopefully soon Windows). See +GitHub-Travis CI hints section for details. + +Do not forget to update the documentation to describe the updated +behavior and make sure that the resulting documentation set formats +well. It is currently a liberal mixture of US and UK English norms for +spelling and grammar, which is somewhat unfortunate. A huge patch that +touches the files all over the place only to correct the inconsistency +is not welcome, though. Potential clashes with other changes that can +result from such a patch are not worth it. We prefer to gradually +reconcile the inconsistencies in favor of US English, with small and +easily digestible patches, as a side effect of doing some other real +work in the vicinity (e.g. rewriting a paragraph for clarity, while +turning en_UK spelling to en_US). Obvious typographical fixes are much +more welcomed ("teh -> "the"), preferably submitted as independent +patches separate from other documentation changes. + +Oh, another thing. We are picky about whitespaces. Make sure your +changes do not trigger errors with the sample pre-commit hook shipped +in templates/hooks--pre-commit. To help ensure this does not happen, +run git diff --check on your changes before you commit. + + +(2) Describe your changes well. + +The first line of the commit message should be a short description (50 +characters is the soft limit, see DISCUSSION in git-commit(1)), and +should skip the full stop. It is also conventional in most cases to +prefix the first line with "area: " where the area is a filename or +identifier for the general area of the code being modified, e.g. + + . archive: ustar header checksum is computed unsigned + . git-cherry-pick.txt: clarify the use of revision range notation + +If in doubt which identifier to use, run "git log --no-merges" on the +files you are modifying to see the current conventions. + +The body should provide a meaningful commit message, which: + + . explains the problem the change tries to solve, iow, what is wrong + with the current code without the change. + + . justifies the way the change solves the problem, iow, why the + result with the change is better. + + . alternate solutions considered but discarded, if any. + +Describe your changes in imperative mood, e.g. "make xyzzy do frotz" +instead of "[This patch] makes xyzzy do frotz" or "[I] changed xyzzy +to do frotz", as if you are giving orders to the codebase to change +its behaviour. Try to make sure your explanation can be understood +without external resources. Instead of giving a URL to a mailing list +archive, summarize the relevant points of the discussion. + +If you want to reference a previous commit in the history of a stable +branch, use the format "abbreviated sha1 (subject, date)", +with the subject enclosed in a pair of double-quotes, like this: + + Commit f86a374 ("pack-bitmap.c: fix a memleak", 2015-03-30) + noticed that ... + +The "Copy commit summary" command of gitk can be used to obtain this +format. + + +(3) Generate your patch using Git tools out of your commits. + +Git based diff tools generate unidiff which is the preferred format. + +You do not have to be afraid to use -M option to "git diff" or +"git format-patch", if your patch involves file renames. The +receiving end can handle them just fine. + +Please make sure your patch does not add commented out debugging code, +or include any extra files which do not relate to what your patch +is trying to achieve. Make sure to review +your patch after generating it, to ensure accuracy. Before +sending out, please make sure it cleanly applies to the "master" +branch head. If you are preparing a work based on "next" branch, +that is fine, but please mark it as such. + + +(4) Sending your patches. + +Learn to use format-patch and send-email if possible. These commands +are optimized for the workflow of sending patches, avoiding many ways +your existing e-mail client that is optimized for "multipart/*" mime +type e-mails to corrupt and render your patches unusable. + +People on the Git mailing list need to be able to read and +comment on the changes you are submitting. It is important for +a developer to be able to "quote" your changes, using standard +e-mail tools, so that they may comment on specific portions of +your code. For this reason, each patch should be submitted +"inline" in a separate message. + +Multiple related patches should be grouped into their own e-mail +thread to help readers find all parts of the series. To that end, +send them as replies to either an additional "cover letter" message +(see below), the first patch, or the respective preceding patch. + +If your log message (including your name on the +Signed-off-by line) is not writable in ASCII, make sure that +you send off a message in the correct encoding. + +WARNING: Be wary of your MUAs word-wrap +corrupting your patch. Do not cut-n-paste your patch; you can +lose tabs that way if you are not careful. + +It is a common convention to prefix your subject line with +[PATCH]. This lets people easily distinguish patches from other +e-mail discussions. Use of additional markers after PATCH and +the closing bracket to mark the nature of the patch is also +encouraged. E.g. [PATCH/RFC] is often used when the patch is +not ready to be applied but it is for discussion, [PATCH v2], +[PATCH v3] etc. are often seen when you are sending an update to +what you have previously sent. + +"git format-patch" command follows the best current practice to +format the body of an e-mail message. At the beginning of the +patch should come your commit message, ending with the +Signed-off-by: lines, and a line that consists of three dashes, +followed by the diffstat information and the patch itself. If +you are forwarding a patch from somebody else, optionally, at +the beginning of the e-mail message just before the commit +message starts, you can put a "From: " line to name that person. + +You often want to add additional explanation about the patch, +other than the commit message itself. Place such "cover letter" +material between the three-dash line and the diffstat. For +patches requiring multiple iterations of review and discussion, +an explanation of changes between each iteration can be kept in +Git-notes and inserted automatically following the three-dash +line via `git format-patch --notes`. + +Do not attach the patch as a MIME attachment, compressed or not. +Do not let your e-mail client send quoted-printable. Do not let +your e-mail client send format=flowed which would destroy +whitespaces in your patches. Many +popular e-mail applications will not always transmit a MIME +attachment as plain text, making it impossible to comment on +your code. A MIME attachment also takes a bit more time to +process. This does not decrease the likelihood of your +MIME-attached change being accepted, but it makes it more likely +that it will be postponed. + +Exception: If your mailer is mangling patches then someone may ask +you to re-send them using MIME, that is OK. + +Do not PGP sign your patch, at least for now. Most likely, your +maintainer or other people on the list would not have your PGP +key and would not bother obtaining it anyway. Your patch is not +judged by who you are; a good patch from an unknown origin has a +far better chance of being accepted than a patch from a known, +respected origin that is done poorly or does incorrect things. + +If you really really really really want to do a PGP signed +patch, format it as "multipart/signed", not a text/plain message +that starts with '-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----'. That is +not a text/plain, it's something else. + +Send your patch with "To:" set to the mailing list, with "cc:" listing +people who are involved in the area you are touching (the output from +"git blame $path" and "git shortlog --no-merges $path" would help to +identify them), to solicit comments and reviews. + +After the list reached a consensus that it is a good idea to apply the +patch, re-send it with "To:" set to the maintainer [*1*] and "cc:" the +list [*2*] for inclusion. + +Do not forget to add trailers such as "Acked-by:", "Reviewed-by:" and +"Tested-by:" lines as necessary to credit people who helped your +patch. + + [Addresses] + *1* The current maintainer: gitster@pobox.com + *2* The mailing list: git@vger.kernel.org + + +(5) Sign your work + +To improve tracking of who did what, we've borrowed the +"sign-off" procedure from the Linux kernel project on patches +that are being emailed around. Although core Git is a lot +smaller project it is a good discipline to follow it. + +The sign-off is a simple line at the end of the explanation for +the patch, which certifies that you wrote it or otherwise have +the right to pass it on as a open-source patch. The rules are +pretty simple: if you can certify the below: + + Developer's Certificate of Origin 1.1 + + By making a contribution to this project, I certify that: + + (a) The contribution was created in whole or in part by me and I + have the right to submit it under the open source license + indicated in the file; or + + (b) The contribution is based upon previous work that, to the best + of my knowledge, is covered under an appropriate open source + license and I have the right under that license to submit that + work with modifications, whether created in whole or in part + by me, under the same open source license (unless I am + permitted to submit under a different license), as indicated + in the file; or + + (c) The contribution was provided directly to me by some other + person who certified (a), (b) or (c) and I have not modified + it. + + (d) I understand and agree that this project and the contribution + are public and that a record of the contribution (including all + personal information I submit with it, including my sign-off) is + maintained indefinitely and may be redistributed consistent with + this project or the open source license(s) involved. + +then you just add a line saying + + Signed-off-by: Random J Developer + +This line can be automatically added by Git if you run the git-commit +command with the -s option. + +Notice that you can place your own Signed-off-by: line when +forwarding somebody else's patch with the above rules for +D-C-O. Indeed you are encouraged to do so. Do not forget to +place an in-body "From: " line at the beginning to properly attribute +the change to its true author (see (2) above). + +Also notice that a real name is used in the Signed-off-by: line. Please +don't hide your real name. + +If you like, you can put extra tags at the end: + +1. "Reported-by:" is used to credit someone who found the bug that + the patch attempts to fix. +2. "Acked-by:" says that the person who is more familiar with the area + the patch attempts to modify liked the patch. +3. "Reviewed-by:", unlike the other tags, can only be offered by the + reviewer and means that she is completely satisfied that the patch + is ready for application. It is usually offered only after a + detailed review. +4. "Tested-by:" is used to indicate that the person applied the patch + and found it to have the desired effect. + +You can also create your own tag or use one that's in common usage +such as "Thanks-to:", "Based-on-patch-by:", or "Mentored-by:". + +------------------------------------------------ +Subsystems with dedicated maintainers + +Some parts of the system have dedicated maintainers with their own +repositories. + + - git-gui/ comes from git-gui project, maintained by Pat Thoyts: + + git://repo.or.cz/git-gui.git + + - gitk-git/ comes from Paul Mackerras's gitk project: + + git://ozlabs.org/~paulus/gitk + + - po/ comes from the localization coordinator, Jiang Xin: + + https://github.com/git-l10n/git-po/ + +Patches to these parts should be based on their trees. + +------------------------------------------------ +An ideal patch flow + +Here is an ideal patch flow for this project the current maintainer +suggests to the contributors: + + (0) You come up with an itch. You code it up. + + (1) Send it to the list and cc people who may need to know about + the change. + + The people who may need to know are the ones whose code you + are butchering. These people happen to be the ones who are + most likely to be knowledgeable enough to help you, but + they have no obligation to help you (i.e. you ask for help, + don't demand). "git log -p -- $area_you_are_modifying" would + help you find out who they are. + + (2) You get comments and suggestions for improvements. You may + even get them in a "on top of your change" patch form. + + (3) Polish, refine, and re-send to the list and the people who + spend their time to improve your patch. Go back to step (2). + + (4) The list forms consensus that the last round of your patch is + good. Send it to the maintainer and cc the list. + + (5) A topic branch is created with the patch and is merged to 'next', + and cooked further and eventually graduates to 'master'. + +In any time between the (2)-(3) cycle, the maintainer may pick it up +from the list and queue it to 'pu', in order to make it easier for +people play with it without having to pick up and apply the patch to +their trees themselves. + +------------------------------------------------ +Know the status of your patch after submission + +* You can use Git itself to find out when your patch is merged in + master. 'git pull --rebase' will automatically skip already-applied + patches, and will let you know. This works only if you rebase on top + of the branch in which your patch has been merged (i.e. it will not + tell you if your patch is merged in pu if you rebase on top of + master). + +* Read the Git mailing list, the maintainer regularly posts messages + entitled "What's cooking in git.git" and "What's in git.git" giving + the status of various proposed changes. + +-------------------------------------------------- +GitHub-Travis CI hints + +With an account at GitHub (you can get one for free to work on open +source projects), you can use Travis CI to test your changes on Linux, +Mac (and hopefully soon Windows). You can find a successful example +test build here: https://travis-ci.org/git/git/builds/120473209 + +Follow these steps for the initial setup: + + (1) Fork https://github.com/git/git to your GitHub account. + You can find detailed instructions how to fork here: + https://help.github.com/articles/fork-a-repo/ + + (2) Open the Travis CI website: https://travis-ci.org + + (3) Press the "Sign in with GitHub" button. + + (4) Grant Travis CI permissions to access your GitHub account. + You can find more information about the required permissions here: + https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/github-oauth-scopes + + (5) Open your Travis CI profile page: https://travis-ci.org/profile + + (6) Enable Travis CI builds for your Git fork. + +After the initial setup, Travis CI will run whenever you push new changes +to your fork of Git on GitHub. You can monitor the test state of all your +branches here: https://travis-ci.org//git/branches + +If a branch did not pass all test cases then it is marked with a red +cross. In that case you can click on the failing Travis CI job and +scroll all the way down in the log. Find the line "<-- Click here to see +detailed test output!" and click on the triangle next to the log line +number to expand the detailed test output. Here is such a failing +example: https://travis-ci.org/git/git/jobs/122676187 + +Fix the problem and push your fix to your Git fork. This will trigger +a new Travis CI build to ensure all tests pass. + + +------------------------------------------------ +MUA specific hints + +Some of patches I receive or pick up from the list share common +patterns of breakage. Please make sure your MUA is set up +properly not to corrupt whitespaces. + +See the DISCUSSION section of git-format-patch(1) for hints on +checking your patch by mailing it to yourself and applying with +git-am(1). + +While you are at it, check the resulting commit log message from +a trial run of applying the patch. If what is in the resulting +commit is not exactly what you would want to see, it is very +likely that your maintainer would end up hand editing the log +message when he applies your patch. Things like "Hi, this is my +first patch.\n", if you really want to put in the patch e-mail, +should come after the three-dash line that signals the end of the +commit message. + + +Pine +---- + +(Johannes Schindelin) + +I don't know how many people still use pine, but for those poor +souls it may be good to mention that the quell-flowed-text is +needed for recent versions. + +... the "no-strip-whitespace-before-send" option, too. AFAIK it +was introduced in 4.60. + +(Linus Torvalds) + +And 4.58 needs at least this. + +--- +diff-tree 8326dd8350be64ac7fc805f6563a1d61ad10d32c (from e886a61f76edf5410573e92e38ce22974f9c40f1) +Author: Linus Torvalds +Date: Mon Aug 15 17:23:51 2005 -0700 + + Fix pine whitespace-corruption bug + + There's no excuse for unconditionally removing whitespace from + the pico buffers on close. + +diff --git a/pico/pico.c b/pico/pico.c +--- a/pico/pico.c ++++ b/pico/pico.c +@@ -219,7 +219,9 @@ PICO *pm; + switch(pico_all_done){ /* prepare for/handle final events */ + case COMP_EXIT : /* already confirmed */ + packheader(); ++#if 0 + stripwhitespace(); ++#endif + c |= COMP_EXIT; + break; + + +(Daniel Barkalow) + +> A patch to SubmittingPatches, MUA specific help section for +> users of Pine 4.63 would be very much appreciated. + +Ah, it looks like a recent version changed the default behavior to do the +right thing, and inverted the sense of the configuration option. (Either +that or Gentoo did it.) So you need to set the +"no-strip-whitespace-before-send" option, unless the option you have is +"strip-whitespace-before-send", in which case you should avoid checking +it. + + +Thunderbird, KMail, GMail +------------------------- + +See the MUA-SPECIFIC HINTS section of git-format-patch(1). + +Gnus +---- + +'|' in the *Summary* buffer can be used to pipe the current +message to an external program, and this is a handy way to drive +"git am". However, if the message is MIME encoded, what is +piped into the program is the representation you see in your +*Article* buffer after unwrapping MIME. This is often not what +you would want for two reasons. It tends to screw up non ASCII +characters (most notably in people's names), and also +whitespaces (fatal in patches). Running 'C-u g' to display the +message in raw form before using '|' to run the pipe can work +this problem around. From 5828d9257ee9a14a739fa29ed59d568a32db9856 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Paul Menzel Date: Thu, 17 Nov 2016 15:10:21 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 02/11] Documentation: Remove passages unrelated to bee files --- Documenation/SubmittingPatches | 343 +-------------------------------- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 338 deletions(-) diff --git a/Documenation/SubmittingPatches b/Documenation/SubmittingPatches index 08352deaa..3625600f0 100644 --- a/Documenation/SubmittingPatches +++ b/Documenation/SubmittingPatches @@ -132,258 +132,19 @@ The "Copy commit summary" command of gitk can be used to obtain this format. -(3) Generate your patch using Git tools out of your commits. - -Git based diff tools generate unidiff which is the preferred format. - -You do not have to be afraid to use -M option to "git diff" or -"git format-patch", if your patch involves file renames. The -receiving end can handle them just fine. +(3) Publish your work in a separate branch. Please make sure your patch does not add commented out debugging code, or include any extra files which do not relate to what your patch is trying to achieve. Make sure to review your patch after generating it, to ensure accuracy. Before sending out, please make sure it cleanly applies to the "master" -branch head. If you are preparing a work based on "next" branch, -that is fine, but please mark it as such. - - -(4) Sending your patches. - -Learn to use format-patch and send-email if possible. These commands -are optimized for the workflow of sending patches, avoiding many ways -your existing e-mail client that is optimized for "multipart/*" mime -type e-mails to corrupt and render your patches unusable. - -People on the Git mailing list need to be able to read and -comment on the changes you are submitting. It is important for -a developer to be able to "quote" your changes, using standard -e-mail tools, so that they may comment on specific portions of -your code. For this reason, each patch should be submitted -"inline" in a separate message. - -Multiple related patches should be grouped into their own e-mail -thread to help readers find all parts of the series. To that end, -send them as replies to either an additional "cover letter" message -(see below), the first patch, or the respective preceding patch. - -If your log message (including your name on the -Signed-off-by line) is not writable in ASCII, make sure that -you send off a message in the correct encoding. - -WARNING: Be wary of your MUAs word-wrap -corrupting your patch. Do not cut-n-paste your patch; you can -lose tabs that way if you are not careful. - -It is a common convention to prefix your subject line with -[PATCH]. This lets people easily distinguish patches from other -e-mail discussions. Use of additional markers after PATCH and -the closing bracket to mark the nature of the patch is also -encouraged. E.g. [PATCH/RFC] is often used when the patch is -not ready to be applied but it is for discussion, [PATCH v2], -[PATCH v3] etc. are often seen when you are sending an update to -what you have previously sent. - -"git format-patch" command follows the best current practice to -format the body of an e-mail message. At the beginning of the -patch should come your commit message, ending with the -Signed-off-by: lines, and a line that consists of three dashes, -followed by the diffstat information and the patch itself. If -you are forwarding a patch from somebody else, optionally, at -the beginning of the e-mail message just before the commit -message starts, you can put a "From: " line to name that person. - -You often want to add additional explanation about the patch, -other than the commit message itself. Place such "cover letter" -material between the three-dash line and the diffstat. For -patches requiring multiple iterations of review and discussion, -an explanation of changes between each iteration can be kept in -Git-notes and inserted automatically following the three-dash -line via `git format-patch --notes`. - -Do not attach the patch as a MIME attachment, compressed or not. -Do not let your e-mail client send quoted-printable. Do not let -your e-mail client send format=flowed which would destroy -whitespaces in your patches. Many -popular e-mail applications will not always transmit a MIME -attachment as plain text, making it impossible to comment on -your code. A MIME attachment also takes a bit more time to -process. This does not decrease the likelihood of your -MIME-attached change being accepted, but it makes it more likely -that it will be postponed. - -Exception: If your mailer is mangling patches then someone may ask -you to re-send them using MIME, that is OK. - -Do not PGP sign your patch, at least for now. Most likely, your -maintainer or other people on the list would not have your PGP -key and would not bother obtaining it anyway. Your patch is not -judged by who you are; a good patch from an unknown origin has a -far better chance of being accepted than a patch from a known, -respected origin that is done poorly or does incorrect things. - -If you really really really really want to do a PGP signed -patch, format it as "multipart/signed", not a text/plain message -that starts with '-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----'. That is -not a text/plain, it's something else. - -Send your patch with "To:" set to the mailing list, with "cc:" listing -people who are involved in the area you are touching (the output from -"git blame $path" and "git shortlog --no-merges $path" would help to -identify them), to solicit comments and reviews. - -After the list reached a consensus that it is a good idea to apply the -patch, re-send it with "To:" set to the maintainer [*1*] and "cc:" the -list [*2*] for inclusion. - -Do not forget to add trailers such as "Acked-by:", "Reviewed-by:" and -"Tested-by:" lines as necessary to credit people who helped your -patch. - - [Addresses] - *1* The current maintainer: gitster@pobox.com - *2* The mailing list: git@vger.kernel.org - - -(5) Sign your work - -To improve tracking of who did what, we've borrowed the -"sign-off" procedure from the Linux kernel project on patches -that are being emailed around. Although core Git is a lot -smaller project it is a good discipline to follow it. - -The sign-off is a simple line at the end of the explanation for -the patch, which certifies that you wrote it or otherwise have -the right to pass it on as a open-source patch. The rules are -pretty simple: if you can certify the below: - - Developer's Certificate of Origin 1.1 - - By making a contribution to this project, I certify that: - - (a) The contribution was created in whole or in part by me and I - have the right to submit it under the open source license - indicated in the file; or - - (b) The contribution is based upon previous work that, to the best - of my knowledge, is covered under an appropriate open source - license and I have the right under that license to submit that - work with modifications, whether created in whole or in part - by me, under the same open source license (unless I am - permitted to submit under a different license), as indicated - in the file; or - - (c) The contribution was provided directly to me by some other - person who certified (a), (b) or (c) and I have not modified - it. - - (d) I understand and agree that this project and the contribution - are public and that a record of the contribution (including all - personal information I submit with it, including my sign-off) is - maintained indefinitely and may be redistributed consistent with - this project or the open source license(s) involved. - -then you just add a line saying - - Signed-off-by: Random J Developer - -This line can be automatically added by Git if you run the git-commit -command with the -s option. - -Notice that you can place your own Signed-off-by: line when -forwarding somebody else's patch with the above rules for -D-C-O. Indeed you are encouraged to do so. Do not forget to -place an in-body "From: " line at the beginning to properly attribute -the change to its true author (see (2) above). - -Also notice that a real name is used in the Signed-off-by: line. Please -don't hide your real name. - -If you like, you can put extra tags at the end: - -1. "Reported-by:" is used to credit someone who found the bug that - the patch attempts to fix. -2. "Acked-by:" says that the person who is more familiar with the area - the patch attempts to modify liked the patch. -3. "Reviewed-by:", unlike the other tags, can only be offered by the - reviewer and means that she is completely satisfied that the patch - is ready for application. It is usually offered only after a - detailed review. -4. "Tested-by:" is used to indicate that the person applied the patch - and found it to have the desired effect. - -You can also create your own tag or use one that's in common usage -such as "Thanks-to:", "Based-on-patch-by:", or "Mentored-by:". - ------------------------------------------------- -Subsystems with dedicated maintainers - -Some parts of the system have dedicated maintainers with their own -repositories. - - - git-gui/ comes from git-gui project, maintained by Pat Thoyts: - - git://repo.or.cz/git-gui.git - - - gitk-git/ comes from Paul Mackerras's gitk project: - - git://ozlabs.org/~paulus/gitk - - - po/ comes from the localization coordinator, Jiang Xin: - - https://github.com/git-l10n/git-po/ - -Patches to these parts should be based on their trees. - ------------------------------------------------- -An ideal patch flow - -Here is an ideal patch flow for this project the current maintainer -suggests to the contributors: +branch head. - (0) You come up with an itch. You code it up. +(4) Creating a merge/pull request - (1) Send it to the list and cc people who may need to know about - the change. - - The people who may need to know are the ones whose code you - are butchering. These people happen to be the ones who are - most likely to be knowledgeable enough to help you, but - they have no obligation to help you (i.e. you ask for help, - don't demand). "git log -p -- $area_you_are_modifying" would - help you find out who they are. - - (2) You get comments and suggestions for improvements. You may - even get them in a "on top of your change" patch form. - - (3) Polish, refine, and re-send to the list and the people who - spend their time to improve your patch. Go back to step (2). - - (4) The list forms consensus that the last round of your patch is - good. Send it to the maintainer and cc the list. - - (5) A topic branch is created with the patch and is merged to 'next', - and cooked further and eventually graduates to 'master'. - -In any time between the (2)-(3) cycle, the maintainer may pick it up -from the list and queue it to 'pu', in order to make it easier for -people play with it without having to pick up and apply the patch to -their trees themselves. - ------------------------------------------------- -Know the status of your patch after submission - -* You can use Git itself to find out when your patch is merged in - master. 'git pull --rebase' will automatically skip already-applied - patches, and will let you know. This works only if you rebase on top - of the branch in which your patch has been merged (i.e. it will not - tell you if your patch is merged in pu if you rebase on top of - master). - -* Read the Git mailing list, the maintainer regularly posts messages - entitled "What's cooking in git.git" and "What's in git.git" giving - the status of various proposed changes. +You often want to add additional explanation about the patch, +other than the commit message itself. -------------------------------------------------- GitHub-Travis CI hints @@ -424,97 +185,3 @@ example: https://travis-ci.org/git/git/jobs/122676187 Fix the problem and push your fix to your Git fork. This will trigger a new Travis CI build to ensure all tests pass. - - ------------------------------------------------- -MUA specific hints - -Some of patches I receive or pick up from the list share common -patterns of breakage. Please make sure your MUA is set up -properly not to corrupt whitespaces. - -See the DISCUSSION section of git-format-patch(1) for hints on -checking your patch by mailing it to yourself and applying with -git-am(1). - -While you are at it, check the resulting commit log message from -a trial run of applying the patch. If what is in the resulting -commit is not exactly what you would want to see, it is very -likely that your maintainer would end up hand editing the log -message when he applies your patch. Things like "Hi, this is my -first patch.\n", if you really want to put in the patch e-mail, -should come after the three-dash line that signals the end of the -commit message. - - -Pine ----- - -(Johannes Schindelin) - -I don't know how many people still use pine, but for those poor -souls it may be good to mention that the quell-flowed-text is -needed for recent versions. - -... the "no-strip-whitespace-before-send" option, too. AFAIK it -was introduced in 4.60. - -(Linus Torvalds) - -And 4.58 needs at least this. - ---- -diff-tree 8326dd8350be64ac7fc805f6563a1d61ad10d32c (from e886a61f76edf5410573e92e38ce22974f9c40f1) -Author: Linus Torvalds -Date: Mon Aug 15 17:23:51 2005 -0700 - - Fix pine whitespace-corruption bug - - There's no excuse for unconditionally removing whitespace from - the pico buffers on close. - -diff --git a/pico/pico.c b/pico/pico.c ---- a/pico/pico.c -+++ b/pico/pico.c -@@ -219,7 +219,9 @@ PICO *pm; - switch(pico_all_done){ /* prepare for/handle final events */ - case COMP_EXIT : /* already confirmed */ - packheader(); -+#if 0 - stripwhitespace(); -+#endif - c |= COMP_EXIT; - break; - - -(Daniel Barkalow) - -> A patch to SubmittingPatches, MUA specific help section for -> users of Pine 4.63 would be very much appreciated. - -Ah, it looks like a recent version changed the default behavior to do the -right thing, and inverted the sense of the configuration option. (Either -that or Gentoo did it.) So you need to set the -"no-strip-whitespace-before-send" option, unless the option you have is -"strip-whitespace-before-send", in which case you should avoid checking -it. - - -Thunderbird, KMail, GMail -------------------------- - -See the MUA-SPECIFIC HINTS section of git-format-patch(1). - -Gnus ----- - -'|' in the *Summary* buffer can be used to pipe the current -message to an external program, and this is a handy way to drive -"git am". However, if the message is MIME encoded, what is -piped into the program is the representation you see in your -*Article* buffer after unwrapping MIME. This is often not what -you would want for two reasons. It tends to screw up non ASCII -characters (most notably in people's names), and also -whitespaces (fatal in patches). Running 'C-u g' to display the -message in raw form before using '|' to run the pipe can work -this problem around. From 8bb19728fd47d2bbe890e92a50b21773bd5db64b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Paul Menzel Date: Thu, 17 Nov 2016 15:14:44 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 03/11] Documentation: Clarify commit message summary format --- Documenation/SubmittingPatches | 12 ++++++++---- 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/Documenation/SubmittingPatches b/Documenation/SubmittingPatches index 3625600f0..fb61e3459 100644 --- a/Documenation/SubmittingPatches +++ b/Documenation/SubmittingPatches @@ -95,11 +95,15 @@ run git diff --check on your changes before you commit. The first line of the commit message should be a short description (50 characters is the soft limit, see DISCUSSION in git-commit(1)), and should skip the full stop. It is also conventional in most cases to -prefix the first line with "area: " where the area is a filename or -identifier for the general area of the code being modified, e.g. +prefix the first line with "project: " where the project is a filename +or identifier for the project, the Bee file is for, e.g. - . archive: ustar header checksum is computed unsigned - . git-cherry-pick.txt: clarify the use of revision range notation + . vlc: Enable awesome feature + . linux-4.9-rc5: Add a patch + +The description is a summary, and should be a statement, that means, it +has to contain a verb. Best, start the statement with a verb in +imperative mood. If in doubt which identifier to use, run "git log --no-merges" on the files you are modifying to see the current conventions. From b586e8ac232a3dea1e1abcd62cae72b26072a061 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Paul Menzel Date: Wed, 23 Nov 2016 11:20:27 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 04/11] Documentation: Remove paragraph *Decide what to base your work on.* MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit This paragraph doesn’t apply to us, so remove it. --- Documenation/SubmittingPatches | 33 --------------------------------- 1 file changed, 33 deletions(-) diff --git a/Documenation/SubmittingPatches b/Documenation/SubmittingPatches index fb61e3459..69885ae7c 100644 --- a/Documenation/SubmittingPatches +++ b/Documenation/SubmittingPatches @@ -1,39 +1,6 @@ Here are some guidelines for people who want to contribute their code to this software. -(0) Decide what to base your work on. - -In general, always base your work on the oldest branch that your -change is relevant to. - - - A bugfix should be based on 'maint' in general. If the bug is not - present in 'maint', base it on 'master'. For a bug that's not yet - in 'master', find the topic that introduces the regression, and - base your work on the tip of the topic. - - - A new feature should be based on 'master' in general. If the new - feature depends on a topic that is in 'pu', but not in 'master', - base your work on the tip of that topic. - - - Corrections and enhancements to a topic not yet in 'master' should - be based on the tip of that topic. If the topic has not been merged - to 'next', it's alright to add a note to squash minor corrections - into the series. - - - In the exceptional case that a new feature depends on several topics - not in 'master', start working on 'next' or 'pu' privately and send - out patches for discussion. Before the final merge, you may have to - wait until some of the dependent topics graduate to 'master', and - rebase your work. - - - Some parts of the system have dedicated maintainers with their own - repositories (see the section "Subsystems" below). Changes to - these parts should be based on their trees. - -To find the tip of a topic branch, run "git log --first-parent -master..pu" and look for the merge commit. The second parent of this -commit is the tip of the topic branch. - (1) Make separate commits for logically separate changes. Unless your patch is really trivial, you should not be sending From 3dea0c8c5cdeaa1c9486ac94483f4a0690611f65 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Paul Menzel Date: Wed, 23 Nov 2016 11:22:18 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 05/11] Documentation: Remove *GitHub-Travis CI hints* Although useful, we are not there yet, so remove the paragraph. --- Documenation/SubmittingPatches | 40 ---------------------------------- 1 file changed, 40 deletions(-) diff --git a/Documenation/SubmittingPatches b/Documenation/SubmittingPatches index 69885ae7c..4231d4bc9 100644 --- a/Documenation/SubmittingPatches +++ b/Documenation/SubmittingPatches @@ -116,43 +116,3 @@ branch head. You often want to add additional explanation about the patch, other than the commit message itself. - --------------------------------------------------- -GitHub-Travis CI hints - -With an account at GitHub (you can get one for free to work on open -source projects), you can use Travis CI to test your changes on Linux, -Mac (and hopefully soon Windows). You can find a successful example -test build here: https://travis-ci.org/git/git/builds/120473209 - -Follow these steps for the initial setup: - - (1) Fork https://github.com/git/git to your GitHub account. - You can find detailed instructions how to fork here: - https://help.github.com/articles/fork-a-repo/ - - (2) Open the Travis CI website: https://travis-ci.org - - (3) Press the "Sign in with GitHub" button. - - (4) Grant Travis CI permissions to access your GitHub account. - You can find more information about the required permissions here: - https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/github-oauth-scopes - - (5) Open your Travis CI profile page: https://travis-ci.org/profile - - (6) Enable Travis CI builds for your Git fork. - -After the initial setup, Travis CI will run whenever you push new changes -to your fork of Git on GitHub. You can monitor the test state of all your -branches here: https://travis-ci.org//git/branches - -If a branch did not pass all test cases then it is marked with a red -cross. In that case you can click on the failing Travis CI job and -scroll all the way down in the log. Find the line "<-- Click here to see -detailed test output!" and click on the triangle next to the log line -number to expand the detailed test output. Here is such a failing -example: https://travis-ci.org/git/git/jobs/122676187 - -Fix the problem and push your fix to your Git fork. This will trigger -a new Travis CI build to ensure all tests pass. From 93c28102ad5697e3875c933f518d0bc0760000b1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Paul Menzel Date: Wed, 23 Nov 2016 11:24:49 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 06/11] Documentation: Use Markdown as markup GitHub support Markdown, and it is pretty popular, so use it here too. --- ...SubmittingPatches => SubmittingPatches.md} | 22 +++++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-) rename Documenation/{SubmittingPatches => SubmittingPatches.md} (89%) diff --git a/Documenation/SubmittingPatches b/Documenation/SubmittingPatches.md similarity index 89% rename from Documenation/SubmittingPatches rename to Documenation/SubmittingPatches.md index 4231d4bc9..20570f2b2 100644 --- a/Documenation/SubmittingPatches +++ b/Documenation/SubmittingPatches.md @@ -1,7 +1,8 @@ Here are some guidelines for people who want to contribute their code to this software. -(1) Make separate commits for logically separate changes. +Make separate commits for logically separate changes. +===================================================== Unless your patch is really trivial, you should not be sending out a patch that was generated between your working tree and @@ -57,7 +58,8 @@ in templates/hooks--pre-commit. To help ensure this does not happen, run git diff --check on your changes before you commit. -(2) Describe your changes well. +Describe your changes well. +=========================== The first line of the commit message should be a short description (50 characters is the soft limit, see DISCUSSION in git-commit(1)), and @@ -65,8 +67,8 @@ should skip the full stop. It is also conventional in most cases to prefix the first line with "project: " where the project is a filename or identifier for the project, the Bee file is for, e.g. - . vlc: Enable awesome feature - . linux-4.9-rc5: Add a patch +* vlc: Enable awesome feature +* linux-4.9-rc5: Add a patch The description is a summary, and should be a statement, that means, it has to contain a verb. Best, start the statement with a verb in @@ -77,13 +79,13 @@ files you are modifying to see the current conventions. The body should provide a meaningful commit message, which: - . explains the problem the change tries to solve, iow, what is wrong +* explains the problem the change tries to solve, iow, what is wrong with the current code without the change. - . justifies the way the change solves the problem, iow, why the +* justifies the way the change solves the problem, iow, why the result with the change is better. - . alternate solutions considered but discarded, if any. +* alternate solutions considered but discarded, if any. Describe your changes in imperative mood, e.g. "make xyzzy do frotz" instead of "[This patch] makes xyzzy do frotz" or "[I] changed xyzzy @@ -103,7 +105,8 @@ The "Copy commit summary" command of gitk can be used to obtain this format. -(3) Publish your work in a separate branch. +Publish your work in a separate branch. +======================================= Please make sure your patch does not add commented out debugging code, or include any extra files which do not relate to what your patch @@ -112,7 +115,8 @@ your patch after generating it, to ensure accuracy. Before sending out, please make sure it cleanly applies to the "master" branch head. -(4) Creating a merge/pull request +Creating a merge/pull request +============================= You often want to add additional explanation about the patch, other than the commit message itself. From 152bf2d744830886b14c45b7a9c0de5ca856a93b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Donald Buczek Date: Wed, 23 Nov 2016 15:00:47 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 07/11] Documentation: Rephrase first sentence --- Documenation/SubmittingPatches.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/Documenation/SubmittingPatches.md b/Documenation/SubmittingPatches.md index 20570f2b2..1d28a9c52 100644 --- a/Documenation/SubmittingPatches.md +++ b/Documenation/SubmittingPatches.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ -Here are some guidelines for people who want to contribute their code -to this software. +Here are some guidelines for people who want to make changes +to this repository. Make separate commits for logically separate changes. ===================================================== From 9c70490da1ee7ec4759a583dbaec7519c4fb7768 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Donald Buczek Date: Wed, 23 Nov 2016 15:04:56 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 08/11] Documentation: Remove paragraphs which don't apply here --- Documenation/SubmittingPatches.md | 33 ------------------------------- 1 file changed, 33 deletions(-) diff --git a/Documenation/SubmittingPatches.md b/Documenation/SubmittingPatches.md index 1d28a9c52..1acca0396 100644 --- a/Documenation/SubmittingPatches.md +++ b/Documenation/SubmittingPatches.md @@ -4,12 +4,6 @@ to this repository. Make separate commits for logically separate changes. ===================================================== -Unless your patch is really trivial, you should not be sending -out a patch that was generated between your working tree and -your commit head. Instead, always make a commit with complete -commit message and generate a series of patches from your -repository. It is a good discipline. - Give an explanation for the change(s) that is detailed enough so that people can judge if it is good thing to do, without reading the actual patch text to determine how well the code does what @@ -25,33 +19,6 @@ change, the approach taken by the change, and if relevant how this differs substantially from the prior version, are all good things to have. -Make sure that you have tests for the bug you are fixing. See -t/README for guidance. - -When adding a new feature, make sure that you have new tests to show -the feature triggers the new behavior when it should, and to show the -feature does not trigger when it shouldn't. After any code change, make -sure that the entire test suite passes. - -If you have an account at GitHub (and you can get one for free to work -on open source projects), you can use their Travis CI integration to -test your changes on Linux, Mac (and hopefully soon Windows). See -GitHub-Travis CI hints section for details. - -Do not forget to update the documentation to describe the updated -behavior and make sure that the resulting documentation set formats -well. It is currently a liberal mixture of US and UK English norms for -spelling and grammar, which is somewhat unfortunate. A huge patch that -touches the files all over the place only to correct the inconsistency -is not welcome, though. Potential clashes with other changes that can -result from such a patch are not worth it. We prefer to gradually -reconcile the inconsistencies in favor of US English, with small and -easily digestible patches, as a side effect of doing some other real -work in the vicinity (e.g. rewriting a paragraph for clarity, while -turning en_UK spelling to en_US). Obvious typographical fixes are much -more welcomed ("teh -> "the"), preferably submitted as independent -patches separate from other documentation changes. - Oh, another thing. We are picky about whitespaces. Make sure your changes do not trigger errors with the sample pre-commit hook shipped in templates/hooks--pre-commit. To help ensure this does not happen, From 0fc13f2f06d70699481818b870fb1aa1da77510e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Donald Buczek Date: Wed, 23 Nov 2016 15:13:06 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 09/11] Documentation: Move paragraphs to better places These paragraphs talk about descriptive text not about commit separation. --- Documenation/SubmittingPatches.md | 40 +++++++++++++++---------------- 1 file changed, 19 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-) diff --git a/Documenation/SubmittingPatches.md b/Documenation/SubmittingPatches.md index 1acca0396..92b5fcb48 100644 --- a/Documenation/SubmittingPatches.md +++ b/Documenation/SubmittingPatches.md @@ -4,27 +4,6 @@ to this repository. Make separate commits for logically separate changes. ===================================================== -Give an explanation for the change(s) that is detailed enough so -that people can judge if it is good thing to do, without reading -the actual patch text to determine how well the code does what -the explanation promises to do. - -If your description starts to get too long, that's a sign that you -probably need to split up your commit to finer grained pieces. -That being said, patches which plainly describe the things that -help reviewers check the patch, and future maintainers understand -the code, are the most beautiful patches. Descriptions that summarise -the point in the subject well, and describe the motivation for the -change, the approach taken by the change, and if relevant how this -differs substantially from the prior version, are all good things -to have. - -Oh, another thing. We are picky about whitespaces. Make sure your -changes do not trigger errors with the sample pre-commit hook shipped -in templates/hooks--pre-commit. To help ensure this does not happen, -run git diff --check on your changes before you commit. - - Describe your changes well. =========================== @@ -71,6 +50,20 @@ with the subject enclosed in a pair of double-quotes, like this: The "Copy commit summary" command of gitk can be used to obtain this format. +If your description starts to get too long, that's a sign that you +probably need to split up your commit to finer grained pieces. +That being said, patches which plainly describe the things that +help reviewers check the patch, and future maintainers understand +the code, are the most beautiful patches. Descriptions that summarise +the point in the subject well, and describe the motivation for the +change, the approach taken by the change, and if relevant how this +differs substantially from the prior version, are all good things +to have. + +Oh, another thing. We are picky about whitespaces. Make sure your +changes do not trigger errors with the sample pre-commit hook shipped +in templates/hooks--pre-commit. To help ensure this does not happen, +run git diff --check on your changes before you commit. Publish your work in a separate branch. ======================================= @@ -87,3 +80,8 @@ Creating a merge/pull request You often want to add additional explanation about the patch, other than the commit message itself. + +Give an explanation for the change(s) that is detailed enough so +that people can judge if it is good thing to do, without reading +the actual patch text to determine how well the code does what +the explanation promises to do. From 997c4d50a9f7a4ace109795ce04638950e5bcce9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Donald Buczek Date: Wed, 23 Nov 2016 15:17:50 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 10/11] Documentation: Convert header into paragraph The section was reduced to its header, so we make the section into a normal paragraph --- Documenation/SubmittingPatches.md | 5 ++--- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/Documenation/SubmittingPatches.md b/Documenation/SubmittingPatches.md index 92b5fcb48..0066de333 100644 --- a/Documenation/SubmittingPatches.md +++ b/Documenation/SubmittingPatches.md @@ -1,12 +1,11 @@ Here are some guidelines for people who want to make changes to this repository. -Make separate commits for logically separate changes. -===================================================== - Describe your changes well. =========================== +Make separate commits for logically separate changes. + The first line of the commit message should be a short description (50 characters is the soft limit, see DISCUSSION in git-commit(1)), and should skip the full stop. It is also conventional in most cases to From 02ac363bd70c3523ae4822b2dd00e2545f79a21b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Donald Buczek Date: Wed, 23 Nov 2016 15:19:14 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 11/11] Documentation: Rephrase header We are talking about commits here now, not just about description. At the same time make the first occurence of "the commit" to "each commit" so readers don't get irritated by the wrong grammatical number. --- Documenation/SubmittingPatches.md | 7 ++++--- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/Documenation/SubmittingPatches.md b/Documenation/SubmittingPatches.md index 0066de333..7accb1d25 100644 --- a/Documenation/SubmittingPatches.md +++ b/Documenation/SubmittingPatches.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ Here are some guidelines for people who want to make changes to this repository. -Describe your changes well. -=========================== +Commits +======= Make separate commits for logically separate changes. -The first line of the commit message should be a short description (50 +The first line of each commit message should be a short description (50 characters is the soft limit, see DISCUSSION in git-commit(1)), and should skip the full stop. It is also conventional in most cases to prefix the first line with "project: " where the project is a filename @@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ changes do not trigger errors with the sample pre-commit hook shipped in templates/hooks--pre-commit. To help ensure this does not happen, run git diff --check on your changes before you commit. + Publish your work in a separate branch. =======================================