diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/mellanox/mlx5/core/en/tc_ct.c b/drivers/net/ethernet/mellanox/mlx5/core/en/tc_ct.c
index 313df8232db70..193562c14c44d 100644
--- a/drivers/net/ethernet/mellanox/mlx5/core/en/tc_ct.c
+++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/mellanox/mlx5/core/en/tc_ct.c
@@ -1073,12 +1073,16 @@ mlx5_tc_ct_block_flow_offload_add(struct mlx5_ct_ft *ft,
 	struct mlx5_tc_ct_priv *ct_priv = ft->ct_priv;
 	struct flow_action_entry *meta_action;
 	unsigned long cookie = flow->cookie;
+	enum ip_conntrack_info ctinfo;
 	struct mlx5_ct_entry *entry;
 	int err;
 
 	meta_action = mlx5_tc_ct_get_ct_metadata_action(flow_rule);
 	if (!meta_action)
 		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+	ctinfo = meta_action->ct_metadata.cookie & NFCT_INFOMASK;
+	if (ctinfo == IP_CT_NEW)
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
 
 	spin_lock_bh(&ct_priv->ht_lock);
 	entry = rhashtable_lookup_fast(&ft->ct_entries_ht, &cookie, cts_ht_params);
diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/netronome/nfp/flower/conntrack.c b/drivers/net/ethernet/netronome/nfp/flower/conntrack.c
index f693119541d55..d23830b5bcb86 100644
--- a/drivers/net/ethernet/netronome/nfp/flower/conntrack.c
+++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/netronome/nfp/flower/conntrack.c
@@ -1964,6 +1964,27 @@ int nfp_fl_ct_stats(struct flow_cls_offload *flow,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static bool
+nfp_fl_ct_offload_nft_supported(struct flow_cls_offload *flow)
+{
+	struct flow_rule *flow_rule = flow->rule;
+	struct flow_action *flow_action =
+		&flow_rule->action;
+	struct flow_action_entry *act;
+	int i;
+
+	flow_action_for_each(i, act, flow_action) {
+		if (act->id == FLOW_ACTION_CT_METADATA) {
+			enum ip_conntrack_info ctinfo =
+				act->ct_metadata.cookie & NFCT_INFOMASK;
+
+			return ctinfo != IP_CT_NEW;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false;
+}
+
 static int
 nfp_fl_ct_offload_nft_flow(struct nfp_fl_ct_zone_entry *zt, struct flow_cls_offload *flow)
 {
@@ -1976,6 +1997,9 @@ nfp_fl_ct_offload_nft_flow(struct nfp_fl_ct_zone_entry *zt, struct flow_cls_offl
 	extack = flow->common.extack;
 	switch (flow->command) {
 	case FLOW_CLS_REPLACE:
+		if (!nfp_fl_ct_offload_nft_supported(flow))
+			return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+
 		/* Netfilter can request offload multiple times for the same
 		 * flow - protect against adding duplicates.
 		 */
diff --git a/include/net/netfilter/nf_flow_table.h b/include/net/netfilter/nf_flow_table.h
index cd982f4a0f50c..ebb28ec5b6faf 100644
--- a/include/net/netfilter/nf_flow_table.h
+++ b/include/net/netfilter/nf_flow_table.h
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ struct nf_flowtable_type {
 						 struct net_device *dev,
 						 enum flow_block_command cmd);
 	int				(*action)(struct net *net,
-						  const struct flow_offload *flow,
+						  struct flow_offload *flow,
 						  enum flow_offload_tuple_dir dir,
 						  struct nf_flow_rule *flow_rule);
 	void				(*free)(struct nf_flowtable *ft);
@@ -164,6 +164,8 @@ enum nf_flow_flags {
 	NF_FLOW_HW_DYING,
 	NF_FLOW_HW_DEAD,
 	NF_FLOW_HW_PENDING,
+	NF_FLOW_HW_BIDIRECTIONAL,
+	NF_FLOW_HW_ESTABLISHED,
 };
 
 enum flow_offload_type {
@@ -312,10 +314,10 @@ void nf_flow_table_offload_flush_cleanup(struct nf_flowtable *flowtable);
 int nf_flow_table_offload_setup(struct nf_flowtable *flowtable,
 				struct net_device *dev,
 				enum flow_block_command cmd);
-int nf_flow_rule_route_ipv4(struct net *net, const struct flow_offload *flow,
+int nf_flow_rule_route_ipv4(struct net *net, struct flow_offload *flow,
 			    enum flow_offload_tuple_dir dir,
 			    struct nf_flow_rule *flow_rule);
-int nf_flow_rule_route_ipv6(struct net *net, const struct flow_offload *flow,
+int nf_flow_rule_route_ipv6(struct net *net, struct flow_offload *flow,
 			    enum flow_offload_tuple_dir dir,
 			    struct nf_flow_rule *flow_rule);
 
diff --git a/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_core.c b/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_core.c
index c00858344f025..9a830573480e0 100644
--- a/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_core.c
+++ b/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_core.c
@@ -1371,9 +1371,6 @@ static unsigned int early_drop_list(struct net *net,
 	hlist_nulls_for_each_entry_rcu(h, n, head, hnnode) {
 		tmp = nf_ct_tuplehash_to_ctrack(h);
 
-		if (test_bit(IPS_OFFLOAD_BIT, &tmp->status))
-			continue;
-
 		if (nf_ct_is_expired(tmp)) {
 			nf_ct_gc_expired(tmp);
 			continue;
@@ -1443,11 +1440,14 @@ static bool gc_worker_skip_ct(const struct nf_conn *ct)
 static bool gc_worker_can_early_drop(const struct nf_conn *ct)
 {
 	const struct nf_conntrack_l4proto *l4proto;
+	u8 protonum = nf_ct_protonum(ct);
 
+	if (test_bit(IPS_OFFLOAD_BIT, &ct->status) && protonum != IPPROTO_UDP)
+		return false;
 	if (!test_bit(IPS_ASSURED_BIT, &ct->status))
 		return true;
 
-	l4proto = nf_ct_l4proto_find(nf_ct_protonum(ct));
+	l4proto = nf_ct_l4proto_find(protonum);
 	if (l4proto->can_early_drop && l4proto->can_early_drop(ct))
 		return true;
 
@@ -1504,7 +1504,8 @@ static void gc_worker(struct work_struct *work)
 
 			if (test_bit(IPS_OFFLOAD_BIT, &tmp->status)) {
 				nf_ct_offload_timeout(tmp);
-				continue;
+				if (!nf_conntrack_max95)
+					continue;
 			}
 
 			if (expired_count > GC_SCAN_EXPIRED_MAX) {
diff --git a/net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_core.c b/net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_core.c
index 81c26a96c30bb..04bd0ed4d2ae7 100644
--- a/net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_core.c
+++ b/net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_core.c
@@ -193,8 +193,11 @@ static void flow_offload_fixup_ct(struct nf_conn *ct)
 		timeout -= tn->offload_timeout;
 	} else if (l4num == IPPROTO_UDP) {
 		struct nf_udp_net *tn = nf_udp_pernet(net);
+		enum udp_conntrack state =
+			test_bit(IPS_SEEN_REPLY_BIT, &ct->status) ?
+			UDP_CT_REPLIED : UDP_CT_UNREPLIED;
 
-		timeout = tn->timeouts[UDP_CT_REPLIED];
+		timeout = tn->timeouts[state];
 		timeout -= tn->offload_timeout;
 	} else {
 		return;
diff --git a/net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_inet.c b/net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_inet.c
index 0ccabf3fa6aa3..9505f9d188ff2 100644
--- a/net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_inet.c
+++ b/net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_inet.c
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ nf_flow_offload_inet_hook(void *priv, struct sk_buff *skb,
 }
 
 static int nf_flow_rule_route_inet(struct net *net,
-				   const struct flow_offload *flow,
+				   struct flow_offload *flow,
 				   enum flow_offload_tuple_dir dir,
 				   struct nf_flow_rule *flow_rule)
 {
diff --git a/net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_offload.c b/net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_offload.c
index 4d9b99abe37d6..1c26f03fc6617 100644
--- a/net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_offload.c
+++ b/net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_offload.c
@@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ nf_flow_rule_route_common(struct net *net, const struct flow_offload *flow,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int nf_flow_rule_route_ipv4(struct net *net, const struct flow_offload *flow,
+int nf_flow_rule_route_ipv4(struct net *net, struct flow_offload *flow,
 			    enum flow_offload_tuple_dir dir,
 			    struct nf_flow_rule *flow_rule)
 {
@@ -704,7 +704,7 @@ int nf_flow_rule_route_ipv4(struct net *net, const struct flow_offload *flow,
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(nf_flow_rule_route_ipv4);
 
-int nf_flow_rule_route_ipv6(struct net *net, const struct flow_offload *flow,
+int nf_flow_rule_route_ipv6(struct net *net, struct flow_offload *flow,
 			    enum flow_offload_tuple_dir dir,
 			    struct nf_flow_rule *flow_rule)
 {
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ nf_flow_offload_rule_alloc(struct net *net,
 {
 	const struct nf_flowtable *flowtable = offload->flowtable;
 	const struct flow_offload_tuple *tuple, *other_tuple;
-	const struct flow_offload *flow = offload->flow;
+	struct flow_offload *flow = offload->flow;
 	struct dst_entry *other_dst = NULL;
 	struct nf_flow_rule *flow_rule;
 	int err = -ENOMEM;
@@ -895,8 +895,9 @@ static int flow_offload_rule_add(struct flow_offload_work *offload,
 
 	ok_count += flow_offload_tuple_add(offload, flow_rule[0],
 					   FLOW_OFFLOAD_DIR_ORIGINAL);
-	ok_count += flow_offload_tuple_add(offload, flow_rule[1],
-					   FLOW_OFFLOAD_DIR_REPLY);
+	if (test_bit(NF_FLOW_HW_BIDIRECTIONAL, &offload->flow->flags))
+		ok_count += flow_offload_tuple_add(offload, flow_rule[1],
+						   FLOW_OFFLOAD_DIR_REPLY);
 	if (ok_count == 0)
 		return -ENOENT;
 
@@ -926,7 +927,8 @@ static void flow_offload_work_del(struct flow_offload_work *offload)
 {
 	clear_bit(IPS_HW_OFFLOAD_BIT, &offload->flow->ct->status);
 	flow_offload_tuple_del(offload, FLOW_OFFLOAD_DIR_ORIGINAL);
-	flow_offload_tuple_del(offload, FLOW_OFFLOAD_DIR_REPLY);
+	if (test_bit(NF_FLOW_HW_BIDIRECTIONAL, &offload->flow->flags))
+		flow_offload_tuple_del(offload, FLOW_OFFLOAD_DIR_REPLY);
 	set_bit(NF_FLOW_HW_DEAD, &offload->flow->flags);
 }
 
@@ -946,7 +948,9 @@ static void flow_offload_work_stats(struct flow_offload_work *offload)
 	u64 lastused;
 
 	flow_offload_tuple_stats(offload, FLOW_OFFLOAD_DIR_ORIGINAL, &stats[0]);
-	flow_offload_tuple_stats(offload, FLOW_OFFLOAD_DIR_REPLY, &stats[1]);
+	if (test_bit(NF_FLOW_HW_BIDIRECTIONAL, &offload->flow->flags))
+		flow_offload_tuple_stats(offload, FLOW_OFFLOAD_DIR_REPLY,
+					 &stats[1]);
 
 	lastused = max_t(u64, stats[0].lastused, stats[1].lastused);
 	offload->flow->timeout = max_t(u64, offload->flow->timeout,
diff --git a/net/sched/act_ct.c b/net/sched/act_ct.c
index d68bb5dbf0dc7..b126f03c1bb65 100644
--- a/net/sched/act_ct.c
+++ b/net/sched/act_ct.c
@@ -170,11 +170,11 @@ tcf_ct_flow_table_add_action_nat_udp(const struct nf_conntrack_tuple *tuple,
 
 static void tcf_ct_flow_table_add_action_meta(struct nf_conn *ct,
 					      enum ip_conntrack_dir dir,
+					      enum ip_conntrack_info ctinfo,
 					      struct flow_action *action)
 {
 	struct nf_conn_labels *ct_labels;
 	struct flow_action_entry *entry;
-	enum ip_conntrack_info ctinfo;
 	u32 *act_ct_labels;
 
 	entry = tcf_ct_flow_table_flow_action_get_next(action);
@@ -182,8 +182,6 @@ static void tcf_ct_flow_table_add_action_meta(struct nf_conn *ct,
 #if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_NF_CONNTRACK_MARK)
 	entry->ct_metadata.mark = READ_ONCE(ct->mark);
 #endif
-	ctinfo = dir == IP_CT_DIR_ORIGINAL ? IP_CT_ESTABLISHED :
-					     IP_CT_ESTABLISHED_REPLY;
 	/* aligns with the CT reference on the SKB nf_ct_set */
 	entry->ct_metadata.cookie = (unsigned long)ct | ctinfo;
 	entry->ct_metadata.orig_dir = dir == IP_CT_DIR_ORIGINAL;
@@ -237,22 +235,28 @@ static int tcf_ct_flow_table_add_action_nat(struct net *net,
 }
 
 static int tcf_ct_flow_table_fill_actions(struct net *net,
-					  const struct flow_offload *flow,
+					  struct flow_offload *flow,
 					  enum flow_offload_tuple_dir tdir,
 					  struct nf_flow_rule *flow_rule)
 {
 	struct flow_action *action = &flow_rule->rule->action;
 	int num_entries = action->num_entries;
 	struct nf_conn *ct = flow->ct;
+	enum ip_conntrack_info ctinfo;
 	enum ip_conntrack_dir dir;
 	int i, err;
 
 	switch (tdir) {
 	case FLOW_OFFLOAD_DIR_ORIGINAL:
 		dir = IP_CT_DIR_ORIGINAL;
+		ctinfo = test_bit(IPS_SEEN_REPLY_BIT, &ct->status) ?
+			IP_CT_ESTABLISHED : IP_CT_NEW;
+		if (ctinfo == IP_CT_ESTABLISHED)
+			set_bit(NF_FLOW_HW_ESTABLISHED, &flow->flags);
 		break;
 	case FLOW_OFFLOAD_DIR_REPLY:
 		dir = IP_CT_DIR_REPLY;
+		ctinfo = IP_CT_ESTABLISHED_REPLY;
 		break;
 	default:
 		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
@@ -262,7 +266,7 @@ static int tcf_ct_flow_table_fill_actions(struct net *net,
 	if (err)
 		goto err_nat;
 
-	tcf_ct_flow_table_add_action_meta(ct, dir, action);
+	tcf_ct_flow_table_add_action_meta(ct, dir, ctinfo, action);
 	return 0;
 
 err_nat:
@@ -365,7 +369,7 @@ static void tcf_ct_flow_tc_ifidx(struct flow_offload *entry,
 
 static void tcf_ct_flow_table_add(struct tcf_ct_flow_table *ct_ft,
 				  struct nf_conn *ct,
-				  bool tcp)
+				  bool tcp, bool bidirectional)
 {
 	struct nf_conn_act_ct_ext *act_ct_ext;
 	struct flow_offload *entry;
@@ -384,6 +388,8 @@ static void tcf_ct_flow_table_add(struct tcf_ct_flow_table *ct_ft,
 		ct->proto.tcp.seen[0].flags |= IP_CT_TCP_FLAG_BE_LIBERAL;
 		ct->proto.tcp.seen[1].flags |= IP_CT_TCP_FLAG_BE_LIBERAL;
 	}
+	if (bidirectional)
+		__set_bit(NF_FLOW_HW_BIDIRECTIONAL, &entry->flags);
 
 	act_ct_ext = nf_conn_act_ct_ext_find(ct);
 	if (act_ct_ext) {
@@ -407,26 +413,34 @@ static void tcf_ct_flow_table_process_conn(struct tcf_ct_flow_table *ct_ft,
 					   struct nf_conn *ct,
 					   enum ip_conntrack_info ctinfo)
 {
-	bool tcp = false;
-
-	if ((ctinfo != IP_CT_ESTABLISHED && ctinfo != IP_CT_ESTABLISHED_REPLY) ||
-	    !test_bit(IPS_ASSURED_BIT, &ct->status))
-		return;
+	bool tcp = false, bidirectional = true;
 
 	switch (nf_ct_protonum(ct)) {
 	case IPPROTO_TCP:
-		tcp = true;
-		if (ct->proto.tcp.state != TCP_CONNTRACK_ESTABLISHED)
+		if ((ctinfo != IP_CT_ESTABLISHED &&
+		     ctinfo != IP_CT_ESTABLISHED_REPLY) ||
+		    !test_bit(IPS_ASSURED_BIT, &ct->status) ||
+		    ct->proto.tcp.state != TCP_CONNTRACK_ESTABLISHED)
 			return;
+
+		tcp = true;
 		break;
 	case IPPROTO_UDP:
+		if (!nf_ct_is_confirmed(ct))
+			return;
+		if (!test_bit(IPS_ASSURED_BIT, &ct->status))
+			bidirectional = false;
 		break;
 #ifdef CONFIG_NF_CT_PROTO_GRE
 	case IPPROTO_GRE: {
 		struct nf_conntrack_tuple *tuple;
 
-		if (ct->status & IPS_NAT_MASK)
+		if ((ctinfo != IP_CT_ESTABLISHED &&
+		     ctinfo != IP_CT_ESTABLISHED_REPLY) ||
+		    !test_bit(IPS_ASSURED_BIT, &ct->status) ||
+		    ct->status & IPS_NAT_MASK)
 			return;
+
 		tuple = &ct->tuplehash[IP_CT_DIR_ORIGINAL].tuple;
 		/* No support for GRE v1 */
 		if (tuple->src.u.gre.key || tuple->dst.u.gre.key)
@@ -442,7 +456,7 @@ static void tcf_ct_flow_table_process_conn(struct tcf_ct_flow_table *ct_ft,
 	    ct->status & IPS_SEQ_ADJUST)
 		return;
 
-	tcf_ct_flow_table_add(ct_ft, ct, tcp);
+	tcf_ct_flow_table_add(ct_ft, ct, tcp, bidirectional);
 }
 
 static bool
@@ -621,13 +635,30 @@ static bool tcf_ct_flow_table_lookup(struct tcf_ct_params *p,
 	flow = container_of(tuplehash, struct flow_offload, tuplehash[dir]);
 	ct = flow->ct;
 
+	if (dir == FLOW_OFFLOAD_DIR_REPLY &&
+	    !test_bit(NF_FLOW_HW_BIDIRECTIONAL, &flow->flags)) {
+		/* Only offload reply direction after connection became
+		 * assured.
+		 */
+		if (test_bit(IPS_ASSURED_BIT, &ct->status))
+			set_bit(NF_FLOW_HW_BIDIRECTIONAL, &flow->flags);
+		else if (test_bit(NF_FLOW_HW_ESTABLISHED, &flow->flags))
+			/* If flow_table flow has already been updated to the
+			 * established state, then don't refresh.
+			 */
+			return false;
+	}
+
 	if (tcph && (unlikely(tcph->fin || tcph->rst))) {
 		flow_offload_teardown(flow);
 		return false;
 	}
 
-	ctinfo = dir == FLOW_OFFLOAD_DIR_ORIGINAL ? IP_CT_ESTABLISHED :
-						    IP_CT_ESTABLISHED_REPLY;
+	if (dir == FLOW_OFFLOAD_DIR_ORIGINAL)
+		ctinfo = test_bit(IPS_SEEN_REPLY_BIT, &ct->status) ?
+			IP_CT_ESTABLISHED : IP_CT_NEW;
+	else
+		ctinfo = IP_CT_ESTABLISHED_REPLY;
 
 	flow_offload_refresh(nf_ft, flow);
 	nf_conntrack_get(&ct->ct_general);