From 2d3eb67f64ec317bbfe340cfcc8325d40a6ff317 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Date: Thu, 9 Jan 2020 22:41:19 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 1/6] libbpf: Sanitize global functions

In case the kernel doesn't support BTF_FUNC_GLOBAL sanitize BTF produced by the
compiler for global functions.

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200110064124.1760511-2-ast@kernel.org
---
 tools/include/uapi/linux/btf.h |  6 ++++++
 tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.c         | 35 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 2 files changed, 40 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/tools/include/uapi/linux/btf.h b/tools/include/uapi/linux/btf.h
index 1a2898c482eef..5a667107ad2cc 100644
--- a/tools/include/uapi/linux/btf.h
+++ b/tools/include/uapi/linux/btf.h
@@ -146,6 +146,12 @@ enum {
 	BTF_VAR_GLOBAL_EXTERN = 2,
 };
 
+enum btf_func_linkage {
+	BTF_FUNC_STATIC = 0,
+	BTF_FUNC_GLOBAL = 1,
+	BTF_FUNC_EXTERN = 2,
+};
+
 /* BTF_KIND_VAR is followed by a single "struct btf_var" to describe
  * additional information related to the variable such as its linkage.
  */
diff --git a/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.c b/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.c
index ee2620b2aa556..3afd780b0f062 100644
--- a/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.c
+++ b/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.c
@@ -173,6 +173,8 @@ struct bpf_capabilities {
 	__u32 btf_datasec:1;
 	/* BPF_F_MMAPABLE is supported for arrays */
 	__u32 array_mmap:1;
+	/* BTF_FUNC_GLOBAL is supported */
+	__u32 btf_func_global:1;
 };
 
 enum reloc_type {
@@ -2209,13 +2211,14 @@ static bool section_have_execinstr(struct bpf_object *obj, int idx)
 
 static void bpf_object__sanitize_btf(struct bpf_object *obj)
 {
+	bool has_func_global = obj->caps.btf_func_global;
 	bool has_datasec = obj->caps.btf_datasec;
 	bool has_func = obj->caps.btf_func;
 	struct btf *btf = obj->btf;
 	struct btf_type *t;
 	int i, j, vlen;
 
-	if (!obj->btf || (has_func && has_datasec))
+	if (!obj->btf || (has_func && has_datasec && has_func_global))
 		return;
 
 	for (i = 1; i <= btf__get_nr_types(btf); i++) {
@@ -2263,6 +2266,9 @@ static void bpf_object__sanitize_btf(struct bpf_object *obj)
 		} else if (!has_func && btf_is_func(t)) {
 			/* replace FUNC with TYPEDEF */
 			t->info = BTF_INFO_ENC(BTF_KIND_TYPEDEF, 0, 0);
+		} else if (!has_func_global && btf_is_func(t)) {
+			/* replace BTF_FUNC_GLOBAL with BTF_FUNC_STATIC */
+			t->info = BTF_INFO_ENC(BTF_KIND_FUNC, 0, 0);
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -3205,6 +3211,32 @@ static int bpf_object__probe_btf_func(struct bpf_object *obj)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int bpf_object__probe_btf_func_global(struct bpf_object *obj)
+{
+	static const char strs[] = "\0int\0x\0a";
+	/* static void x(int a) {} */
+	__u32 types[] = {
+		/* int */
+		BTF_TYPE_INT_ENC(1, BTF_INT_SIGNED, 0, 32, 4),  /* [1] */
+		/* FUNC_PROTO */                                /* [2] */
+		BTF_TYPE_ENC(0, BTF_INFO_ENC(BTF_KIND_FUNC_PROTO, 0, 1), 0),
+		BTF_PARAM_ENC(7, 1),
+		/* FUNC x BTF_FUNC_GLOBAL */                    /* [3] */
+		BTF_TYPE_ENC(5, BTF_INFO_ENC(BTF_KIND_FUNC, 0, BTF_FUNC_GLOBAL), 2),
+	};
+	int btf_fd;
+
+	btf_fd = libbpf__load_raw_btf((char *)types, sizeof(types),
+				      strs, sizeof(strs));
+	if (btf_fd >= 0) {
+		obj->caps.btf_func_global = 1;
+		close(btf_fd);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static int bpf_object__probe_btf_datasec(struct bpf_object *obj)
 {
 	static const char strs[] = "\0x\0.data";
@@ -3260,6 +3292,7 @@ bpf_object__probe_caps(struct bpf_object *obj)
 		bpf_object__probe_name,
 		bpf_object__probe_global_data,
 		bpf_object__probe_btf_func,
+		bpf_object__probe_btf_func_global,
 		bpf_object__probe_btf_datasec,
 		bpf_object__probe_array_mmap,
 	};

From 51c39bb1d5d105a02e29aa7960f0a395086e6342 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Date: Thu, 9 Jan 2020 22:41:20 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 2/6] bpf: Introduce function-by-function verification

New llvm and old llvm with libbpf help produce BTF that distinguish global and
static functions. Unlike arguments of static function the arguments of global
functions cannot be removed or optimized away by llvm. The compiler has to use
exactly the arguments specified in a function prototype. The argument type
information allows the verifier validate each global function independently.
For now only supported argument types are pointer to context and scalars. In
the future pointers to structures, sizes, pointer to packet data can be
supported as well. Consider the following example:

static int f1(int ...)
{
  ...
}

int f3(int b);

int f2(int a)
{
  f1(a) + f3(a);
}

int f3(int b)
{
  ...
}

int main(...)
{
  f1(...) + f2(...) + f3(...);
}

The verifier will start its safety checks from the first global function f2().
It will recursively descend into f1() because it's static. Then it will check
that arguments match for the f3() invocation inside f2(). It will not descend
into f3(). It will finish f2() that has to be successfully verified for all
possible values of 'a'. Then it will proceed with f3(). That function also has
to be safe for all possible values of 'b'. Then it will start subprog 0 (which
is main() function). It will recursively descend into f1() and will skip full
check of f2() and f3(), since they are global. The order of processing global
functions doesn't affect safety, since all global functions must be proven safe
based on their arguments only.

Such function by function verification can drastically improve speed of the
verification and reduce complexity.

Note that the stack limit of 512 still applies to the call chain regardless whether
functions were static or global. The nested level of 8 also still applies. The
same recursion prevention checks are in place as well.

The type information and static/global kind is preserved after the verification
hence in the above example global function f2() and f3() can be replaced later
by equivalent functions with the same types that are loaded and verified later
without affecting safety of this main() program. Such replacement (re-linking)
of global functions is a subject of future patches.

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200110064124.1760511-3-ast@kernel.org
---
 include/linux/bpf.h          |   7 +-
 include/linux/bpf_verifier.h |  10 +-
 include/uapi/linux/btf.h     |   6 +
 kernel/bpf/btf.c             | 175 +++++++++++++++++++-----
 kernel/bpf/verifier.c        | 252 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------
 5 files changed, 366 insertions(+), 84 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/bpf.h b/include/linux/bpf.h
index a7bfe8a388c63..aed2bc39d72b6 100644
--- a/include/linux/bpf.h
+++ b/include/linux/bpf.h
@@ -566,6 +566,7 @@ static inline void bpf_dispatcher_change_prog(struct bpf_dispatcher *d,
 #endif
 
 struct bpf_func_info_aux {
+	u16 linkage;
 	bool unreliable;
 };
 
@@ -1081,7 +1082,11 @@ int btf_distill_func_proto(struct bpf_verifier_log *log,
 			   const char *func_name,
 			   struct btf_func_model *m);
 
-int btf_check_func_arg_match(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, int subprog);
+struct bpf_reg_state;
+int btf_check_func_arg_match(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, int subprog,
+			     struct bpf_reg_state *regs);
+int btf_prepare_func_args(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, int subprog,
+			  struct bpf_reg_state *reg);
 
 struct bpf_prog *bpf_prog_by_id(u32 id);
 
diff --git a/include/linux/bpf_verifier.h b/include/linux/bpf_verifier.h
index 26e40de9ef55f..5406e6e96585c 100644
--- a/include/linux/bpf_verifier.h
+++ b/include/linux/bpf_verifier.h
@@ -304,11 +304,13 @@ struct bpf_insn_aux_data {
 	u64 map_key_state; /* constant (32 bit) key tracking for maps */
 	int ctx_field_size; /* the ctx field size for load insn, maybe 0 */
 	int sanitize_stack_off; /* stack slot to be cleared */
-	bool seen; /* this insn was processed by the verifier */
+	u32 seen; /* this insn was processed by the verifier at env->pass_cnt */
 	bool zext_dst; /* this insn zero extends dst reg */
 	u8 alu_state; /* used in combination with alu_limit */
-	bool prune_point;
+
+	/* below fields are initialized once */
 	unsigned int orig_idx; /* original instruction index */
+	bool prune_point;
 };
 
 #define MAX_USED_MAPS 64 /* max number of maps accessed by one eBPF program */
@@ -379,6 +381,7 @@ struct bpf_verifier_env {
 		int *insn_stack;
 		int cur_stack;
 	} cfg;
+	u32 pass_cnt; /* number of times do_check() was called */
 	u32 subprog_cnt;
 	/* number of instructions analyzed by the verifier */
 	u32 prev_insn_processed, insn_processed;
@@ -428,4 +431,7 @@ bpf_prog_offload_replace_insn(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, u32 off,
 void
 bpf_prog_offload_remove_insns(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, u32 off, u32 cnt);
 
+int check_ctx_reg(struct bpf_verifier_env *env,
+		  const struct bpf_reg_state *reg, int regno);
+
 #endif /* _LINUX_BPF_VERIFIER_H */
diff --git a/include/uapi/linux/btf.h b/include/uapi/linux/btf.h
index 1a2898c482eef..5a667107ad2cc 100644
--- a/include/uapi/linux/btf.h
+++ b/include/uapi/linux/btf.h
@@ -146,6 +146,12 @@ enum {
 	BTF_VAR_GLOBAL_EXTERN = 2,
 };
 
+enum btf_func_linkage {
+	BTF_FUNC_STATIC = 0,
+	BTF_FUNC_GLOBAL = 1,
+	BTF_FUNC_EXTERN = 2,
+};
+
 /* BTF_KIND_VAR is followed by a single "struct btf_var" to describe
  * additional information related to the variable such as its linkage.
  */
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/btf.c b/kernel/bpf/btf.c
index 81d9cf75cacdb..832b5d7fd892f 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/btf.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/btf.c
@@ -2651,8 +2651,8 @@ static s32 btf_func_check_meta(struct btf_verifier_env *env,
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
-	if (btf_type_vlen(t)) {
-		btf_verifier_log_type(env, t, "vlen != 0");
+	if (btf_type_vlen(t) > BTF_FUNC_GLOBAL) {
+		btf_verifier_log_type(env, t, "Invalid func linkage");
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
@@ -3506,7 +3506,8 @@ static u8 bpf_ctx_convert_map[] = {
 
 static const struct btf_member *
 btf_get_prog_ctx_type(struct bpf_verifier_log *log, struct btf *btf,
-		      const struct btf_type *t, enum bpf_prog_type prog_type)
+		      const struct btf_type *t, enum bpf_prog_type prog_type,
+		      int arg)
 {
 	const struct btf_type *conv_struct;
 	const struct btf_type *ctx_struct;
@@ -3527,12 +3528,13 @@ btf_get_prog_ctx_type(struct bpf_verifier_log *log, struct btf *btf,
 		 * is not supported yet.
 		 * BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT is fine.
 		 */
-		bpf_log(log, "BPF program ctx type is not a struct\n");
+		if (log->level & BPF_LOG_LEVEL)
+			bpf_log(log, "arg#%d type is not a struct\n", arg);
 		return NULL;
 	}
 	tname = btf_name_by_offset(btf, t->name_off);
 	if (!tname) {
-		bpf_log(log, "BPF program ctx struct doesn't have a name\n");
+		bpf_log(log, "arg#%d struct doesn't have a name\n", arg);
 		return NULL;
 	}
 	/* prog_type is valid bpf program type. No need for bounds check. */
@@ -3565,11 +3567,12 @@ btf_get_prog_ctx_type(struct bpf_verifier_log *log, struct btf *btf,
 static int btf_translate_to_vmlinux(struct bpf_verifier_log *log,
 				     struct btf *btf,
 				     const struct btf_type *t,
-				     enum bpf_prog_type prog_type)
+				     enum bpf_prog_type prog_type,
+				     int arg)
 {
 	const struct btf_member *prog_ctx_type, *kern_ctx_type;
 
-	prog_ctx_type = btf_get_prog_ctx_type(log, btf, t, prog_type);
+	prog_ctx_type = btf_get_prog_ctx_type(log, btf, t, prog_type, arg);
 	if (!prog_ctx_type)
 		return -ENOENT;
 	kern_ctx_type = prog_ctx_type + 1;
@@ -3731,7 +3734,7 @@ bool btf_ctx_access(int off, int size, enum bpf_access_type type,
 	info->reg_type = PTR_TO_BTF_ID;
 
 	if (tgt_prog) {
-		ret = btf_translate_to_vmlinux(log, btf, t, tgt_prog->type);
+		ret = btf_translate_to_vmlinux(log, btf, t, tgt_prog->type, arg);
 		if (ret > 0) {
 			info->btf_id = ret;
 			return true;
@@ -4112,11 +4115,16 @@ int btf_distill_func_proto(struct bpf_verifier_log *log,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int btf_check_func_arg_match(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, int subprog)
+/* Compare BTF of a function with given bpf_reg_state.
+ * Returns:
+ * EFAULT - there is a verifier bug. Abort verification.
+ * EINVAL - there is a type mismatch or BTF is not available.
+ * 0 - BTF matches with what bpf_reg_state expects.
+ * Only PTR_TO_CTX and SCALAR_VALUE states are recognized.
+ */
+int btf_check_func_arg_match(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, int subprog,
+			     struct bpf_reg_state *reg)
 {
-	struct bpf_verifier_state *st = env->cur_state;
-	struct bpf_func_state *func = st->frame[st->curframe];
-	struct bpf_reg_state *reg = func->regs;
 	struct bpf_verifier_log *log = &env->log;
 	struct bpf_prog *prog = env->prog;
 	struct btf *btf = prog->aux->btf;
@@ -4126,27 +4134,30 @@ int btf_check_func_arg_match(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, int subprog)
 	const char *tname;
 
 	if (!prog->aux->func_info)
-		return 0;
+		return -EINVAL;
 
 	btf_id = prog->aux->func_info[subprog].type_id;
 	if (!btf_id)
-		return 0;
+		return -EFAULT;
 
 	if (prog->aux->func_info_aux[subprog].unreliable)
-		return 0;
+		return -EINVAL;
 
 	t = btf_type_by_id(btf, btf_id);
 	if (!t || !btf_type_is_func(t)) {
-		bpf_log(log, "BTF of subprog %d doesn't point to KIND_FUNC\n",
+		/* These checks were already done by the verifier while loading
+		 * struct bpf_func_info
+		 */
+		bpf_log(log, "BTF of func#%d doesn't point to KIND_FUNC\n",
 			subprog);
-		return -EINVAL;
+		return -EFAULT;
 	}
 	tname = btf_name_by_offset(btf, t->name_off);
 
 	t = btf_type_by_id(btf, t->type);
 	if (!t || !btf_type_is_func_proto(t)) {
-		bpf_log(log, "Invalid type of func %s\n", tname);
-		return -EINVAL;
+		bpf_log(log, "Invalid BTF of func %s\n", tname);
+		return -EFAULT;
 	}
 	args = (const struct btf_param *)(t + 1);
 	nargs = btf_type_vlen(t);
@@ -4172,25 +4183,127 @@ int btf_check_func_arg_match(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, int subprog)
 				bpf_log(log, "R%d is not a pointer\n", i + 1);
 				goto out;
 			}
-			/* If program is passing PTR_TO_CTX into subprogram
-			 * check that BTF type matches.
+			/* If function expects ctx type in BTF check that caller
+			 * is passing PTR_TO_CTX.
 			 */
-			if (reg[i + 1].type == PTR_TO_CTX &&
-			    !btf_get_prog_ctx_type(log, btf, t, prog->type))
-				goto out;
-			/* All other pointers are ok */
-			continue;
+			if (btf_get_prog_ctx_type(log, btf, t, prog->type, i)) {
+				if (reg[i + 1].type != PTR_TO_CTX) {
+					bpf_log(log,
+						"arg#%d expected pointer to ctx, but got %s\n",
+						i, btf_kind_str[BTF_INFO_KIND(t->info)]);
+					goto out;
+				}
+				if (check_ctx_reg(env, &reg[i + 1], i + 1))
+					goto out;
+				continue;
+			}
 		}
-		bpf_log(log, "Unrecognized argument type %s\n",
-			btf_kind_str[BTF_INFO_KIND(t->info)]);
+		bpf_log(log, "Unrecognized arg#%d type %s\n",
+			i, btf_kind_str[BTF_INFO_KIND(t->info)]);
 		goto out;
 	}
 	return 0;
 out:
-	/* LLVM optimizations can remove arguments from static functions. */
-	bpf_log(log,
-		"Type info disagrees with actual arguments due to compiler optimizations\n");
+	/* Compiler optimizations can remove arguments from static functions
+	 * or mismatched type can be passed into a global function.
+	 * In such cases mark the function as unreliable from BTF point of view.
+	 */
 	prog->aux->func_info_aux[subprog].unreliable = true;
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+/* Convert BTF of a function into bpf_reg_state if possible
+ * Returns:
+ * EFAULT - there is a verifier bug. Abort verification.
+ * EINVAL - cannot convert BTF.
+ * 0 - Successfully converted BTF into bpf_reg_state
+ * (either PTR_TO_CTX or SCALAR_VALUE).
+ */
+int btf_prepare_func_args(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, int subprog,
+			  struct bpf_reg_state *reg)
+{
+	struct bpf_verifier_log *log = &env->log;
+	struct bpf_prog *prog = env->prog;
+	struct btf *btf = prog->aux->btf;
+	const struct btf_param *args;
+	const struct btf_type *t;
+	u32 i, nargs, btf_id;
+	const char *tname;
+
+	if (!prog->aux->func_info ||
+	    prog->aux->func_info_aux[subprog].linkage != BTF_FUNC_GLOBAL) {
+		bpf_log(log, "Verifier bug\n");
+		return -EFAULT;
+	}
+
+	btf_id = prog->aux->func_info[subprog].type_id;
+	if (!btf_id) {
+		bpf_log(log, "Global functions need valid BTF\n");
+		return -EFAULT;
+	}
+
+	t = btf_type_by_id(btf, btf_id);
+	if (!t || !btf_type_is_func(t)) {
+		/* These checks were already done by the verifier while loading
+		 * struct bpf_func_info
+		 */
+		bpf_log(log, "BTF of func#%d doesn't point to KIND_FUNC\n",
+			subprog);
+		return -EFAULT;
+	}
+	tname = btf_name_by_offset(btf, t->name_off);
+
+	if (log->level & BPF_LOG_LEVEL)
+		bpf_log(log, "Validating %s() func#%d...\n",
+			tname, subprog);
+
+	if (prog->aux->func_info_aux[subprog].unreliable) {
+		bpf_log(log, "Verifier bug in function %s()\n", tname);
+		return -EFAULT;
+	}
+
+	t = btf_type_by_id(btf, t->type);
+	if (!t || !btf_type_is_func_proto(t)) {
+		bpf_log(log, "Invalid type of function %s()\n", tname);
+		return -EFAULT;
+	}
+	args = (const struct btf_param *)(t + 1);
+	nargs = btf_type_vlen(t);
+	if (nargs > 5) {
+		bpf_log(log, "Global function %s() with %d > 5 args. Buggy compiler.\n",
+			tname, nargs);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	/* check that function returns int */
+	t = btf_type_by_id(btf, t->type);
+	while (btf_type_is_modifier(t))
+		t = btf_type_by_id(btf, t->type);
+	if (!btf_type_is_int(t) && !btf_type_is_enum(t)) {
+		bpf_log(log,
+			"Global function %s() doesn't return scalar. Only those are supported.\n",
+			tname);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	/* Convert BTF function arguments into verifier types.
+	 * Only PTR_TO_CTX and SCALAR are supported atm.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < nargs; i++) {
+		t = btf_type_by_id(btf, args[i].type);
+		while (btf_type_is_modifier(t))
+			t = btf_type_by_id(btf, t->type);
+		if (btf_type_is_int(t) || btf_type_is_enum(t)) {
+			reg[i + 1].type = SCALAR_VALUE;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (btf_type_is_ptr(t) &&
+		    btf_get_prog_ctx_type(log, btf, t, prog->type, i)) {
+			reg[i + 1].type = PTR_TO_CTX;
+			continue;
+		}
+		bpf_log(log, "Arg#%d type %s in %s() is not supported yet.\n",
+			i, btf_kind_str[BTF_INFO_KIND(t->info)], tname);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
index f5af759a8a5f3..ca17dccc17bab 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
@@ -1122,10 +1122,6 @@ static void init_reg_state(struct bpf_verifier_env *env,
 	regs[BPF_REG_FP].type = PTR_TO_STACK;
 	mark_reg_known_zero(env, regs, BPF_REG_FP);
 	regs[BPF_REG_FP].frameno = state->frameno;
-
-	/* 1st arg to a function */
-	regs[BPF_REG_1].type = PTR_TO_CTX;
-	mark_reg_known_zero(env, regs, BPF_REG_1);
 }
 
 #define BPF_MAIN_FUNC (-1)
@@ -2739,8 +2735,8 @@ static int get_callee_stack_depth(struct bpf_verifier_env *env,
 }
 #endif
 
-static int check_ctx_reg(struct bpf_verifier_env *env,
-			 const struct bpf_reg_state *reg, int regno)
+int check_ctx_reg(struct bpf_verifier_env *env,
+		  const struct bpf_reg_state *reg, int regno)
 {
 	/* Access to ctx or passing it to a helper is only allowed in
 	 * its original, unmodified form.
@@ -3956,12 +3952,26 @@ static int release_reference(struct bpf_verifier_env *env,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static void clear_caller_saved_regs(struct bpf_verifier_env *env,
+				    struct bpf_reg_state *regs)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	/* after the call registers r0 - r5 were scratched */
+	for (i = 0; i < CALLER_SAVED_REGS; i++) {
+		mark_reg_not_init(env, regs, caller_saved[i]);
+		check_reg_arg(env, caller_saved[i], DST_OP_NO_MARK);
+	}
+}
+
 static int check_func_call(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, struct bpf_insn *insn,
 			   int *insn_idx)
 {
 	struct bpf_verifier_state *state = env->cur_state;
+	struct bpf_func_info_aux *func_info_aux;
 	struct bpf_func_state *caller, *callee;
 	int i, err, subprog, target_insn;
+	bool is_global = false;
 
 	if (state->curframe + 1 >= MAX_CALL_FRAMES) {
 		verbose(env, "the call stack of %d frames is too deep\n",
@@ -3984,6 +3994,32 @@ static int check_func_call(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, struct bpf_insn *insn,
 		return -EFAULT;
 	}
 
+	func_info_aux = env->prog->aux->func_info_aux;
+	if (func_info_aux)
+		is_global = func_info_aux[subprog].linkage == BTF_FUNC_GLOBAL;
+	err = btf_check_func_arg_match(env, subprog, caller->regs);
+	if (err == -EFAULT)
+		return err;
+	if (is_global) {
+		if (err) {
+			verbose(env, "Caller passes invalid args into func#%d\n",
+				subprog);
+			return err;
+		} else {
+			if (env->log.level & BPF_LOG_LEVEL)
+				verbose(env,
+					"Func#%d is global and valid. Skipping.\n",
+					subprog);
+			clear_caller_saved_regs(env, caller->regs);
+
+			/* All global functions return SCALAR_VALUE */
+			mark_reg_unknown(env, caller->regs, BPF_REG_0);
+
+			/* continue with next insn after call */
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+
 	callee = kzalloc(sizeof(*callee), GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!callee)
 		return -ENOMEM;
@@ -4010,18 +4046,11 @@ static int check_func_call(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, struct bpf_insn *insn,
 	for (i = BPF_REG_1; i <= BPF_REG_5; i++)
 		callee->regs[i] = caller->regs[i];
 
-	/* after the call registers r0 - r5 were scratched */
-	for (i = 0; i < CALLER_SAVED_REGS; i++) {
-		mark_reg_not_init(env, caller->regs, caller_saved[i]);
-		check_reg_arg(env, caller_saved[i], DST_OP_NO_MARK);
-	}
+	clear_caller_saved_regs(env, caller->regs);
 
 	/* only increment it after check_reg_arg() finished */
 	state->curframe++;
 
-	if (btf_check_func_arg_match(env, subprog))
-		return -EINVAL;
-
 	/* and go analyze first insn of the callee */
 	*insn_idx = target_insn;
 
@@ -6771,12 +6800,13 @@ static int check_btf_func(struct bpf_verifier_env *env,
 
 		/* check type_id */
 		type = btf_type_by_id(btf, krecord[i].type_id);
-		if (!type || BTF_INFO_KIND(type->info) != BTF_KIND_FUNC) {
+		if (!type || !btf_type_is_func(type)) {
 			verbose(env, "invalid type id %d in func info",
 				krecord[i].type_id);
 			ret = -EINVAL;
 			goto err_free;
 		}
+		info_aux[i].linkage = BTF_INFO_VLEN(type->info);
 		prev_offset = krecord[i].insn_off;
 		urecord += urec_size;
 	}
@@ -7756,35 +7786,13 @@ static bool reg_type_mismatch(enum bpf_reg_type src, enum bpf_reg_type prev)
 
 static int do_check(struct bpf_verifier_env *env)
 {
-	struct bpf_verifier_state *state;
+	struct bpf_verifier_state *state = env->cur_state;
 	struct bpf_insn *insns = env->prog->insnsi;
 	struct bpf_reg_state *regs;
 	int insn_cnt = env->prog->len;
 	bool do_print_state = false;
 	int prev_insn_idx = -1;
 
-	env->prev_linfo = NULL;
-
-	state = kzalloc(sizeof(struct bpf_verifier_state), GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!state)
-		return -ENOMEM;
-	state->curframe = 0;
-	state->speculative = false;
-	state->branches = 1;
-	state->frame[0] = kzalloc(sizeof(struct bpf_func_state), GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!state->frame[0]) {
-		kfree(state);
-		return -ENOMEM;
-	}
-	env->cur_state = state;
-	init_func_state(env, state->frame[0],
-			BPF_MAIN_FUNC /* callsite */,
-			0 /* frameno */,
-			0 /* subprogno, zero == main subprog */);
-
-	if (btf_check_func_arg_match(env, 0))
-		return -EINVAL;
-
 	for (;;) {
 		struct bpf_insn *insn;
 		u8 class;
@@ -7862,7 +7870,7 @@ static int do_check(struct bpf_verifier_env *env)
 		}
 
 		regs = cur_regs(env);
-		env->insn_aux_data[env->insn_idx].seen = true;
+		env->insn_aux_data[env->insn_idx].seen = env->pass_cnt;
 		prev_insn_idx = env->insn_idx;
 
 		if (class == BPF_ALU || class == BPF_ALU64) {
@@ -8082,7 +8090,7 @@ static int do_check(struct bpf_verifier_env *env)
 					return err;
 
 				env->insn_idx++;
-				env->insn_aux_data[env->insn_idx].seen = true;
+				env->insn_aux_data[env->insn_idx].seen = env->pass_cnt;
 			} else {
 				verbose(env, "invalid BPF_LD mode\n");
 				return -EINVAL;
@@ -8095,7 +8103,6 @@ static int do_check(struct bpf_verifier_env *env)
 		env->insn_idx++;
 	}
 
-	env->prog->aux->stack_depth = env->subprog_info[0].stack_depth;
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -8372,7 +8379,7 @@ static int adjust_insn_aux_data(struct bpf_verifier_env *env,
 	memcpy(new_data + off + cnt - 1, old_data + off,
 	       sizeof(struct bpf_insn_aux_data) * (prog_len - off - cnt + 1));
 	for (i = off; i < off + cnt - 1; i++) {
-		new_data[i].seen = true;
+		new_data[i].seen = env->pass_cnt;
 		new_data[i].zext_dst = insn_has_def32(env, insn + i);
 	}
 	env->insn_aux_data = new_data;
@@ -9484,6 +9491,7 @@ static void free_states(struct bpf_verifier_env *env)
 		kfree(sl);
 		sl = sln;
 	}
+	env->free_list = NULL;
 
 	if (!env->explored_states)
 		return;
@@ -9497,11 +9505,159 @@ static void free_states(struct bpf_verifier_env *env)
 			kfree(sl);
 			sl = sln;
 		}
+		env->explored_states[i] = NULL;
 	}
+}
 
-	kvfree(env->explored_states);
+/* The verifier is using insn_aux_data[] to store temporary data during
+ * verification and to store information for passes that run after the
+ * verification like dead code sanitization. do_check_common() for subprogram N
+ * may analyze many other subprograms. sanitize_insn_aux_data() clears all
+ * temporary data after do_check_common() finds that subprogram N cannot be
+ * verified independently. pass_cnt counts the number of times
+ * do_check_common() was run and insn->aux->seen tells the pass number
+ * insn_aux_data was touched. These variables are compared to clear temporary
+ * data from failed pass. For testing and experiments do_check_common() can be
+ * run multiple times even when prior attempt to verify is unsuccessful.
+ */
+static void sanitize_insn_aux_data(struct bpf_verifier_env *env)
+{
+	struct bpf_insn *insn = env->prog->insnsi;
+	struct bpf_insn_aux_data *aux;
+	int i, class;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < env->prog->len; i++) {
+		class = BPF_CLASS(insn[i].code);
+		if (class != BPF_LDX && class != BPF_STX)
+			continue;
+		aux = &env->insn_aux_data[i];
+		if (aux->seen != env->pass_cnt)
+			continue;
+		memset(aux, 0, offsetof(typeof(*aux), orig_idx));
+	}
 }
 
+static int do_check_common(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, int subprog)
+{
+	struct bpf_verifier_state *state;
+	struct bpf_reg_state *regs;
+	int ret, i;
+
+	env->prev_linfo = NULL;
+	env->pass_cnt++;
+
+	state = kzalloc(sizeof(struct bpf_verifier_state), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!state)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	state->curframe = 0;
+	state->speculative = false;
+	state->branches = 1;
+	state->frame[0] = kzalloc(sizeof(struct bpf_func_state), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!state->frame[0]) {
+		kfree(state);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+	env->cur_state = state;
+	init_func_state(env, state->frame[0],
+			BPF_MAIN_FUNC /* callsite */,
+			0 /* frameno */,
+			subprog);
+
+	regs = state->frame[state->curframe]->regs;
+	if (subprog) {
+		ret = btf_prepare_func_args(env, subprog, regs);
+		if (ret)
+			goto out;
+		for (i = BPF_REG_1; i <= BPF_REG_5; i++) {
+			if (regs[i].type == PTR_TO_CTX)
+				mark_reg_known_zero(env, regs, i);
+			else if (regs[i].type == SCALAR_VALUE)
+				mark_reg_unknown(env, regs, i);
+		}
+	} else {
+		/* 1st arg to a function */
+		regs[BPF_REG_1].type = PTR_TO_CTX;
+		mark_reg_known_zero(env, regs, BPF_REG_1);
+		ret = btf_check_func_arg_match(env, subprog, regs);
+		if (ret == -EFAULT)
+			/* unlikely verifier bug. abort.
+			 * ret == 0 and ret < 0 are sadly acceptable for
+			 * main() function due to backward compatibility.
+			 * Like socket filter program may be written as:
+			 * int bpf_prog(struct pt_regs *ctx)
+			 * and never dereference that ctx in the program.
+			 * 'struct pt_regs' is a type mismatch for socket
+			 * filter that should be using 'struct __sk_buff'.
+			 */
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	ret = do_check(env);
+out:
+	free_verifier_state(env->cur_state, true);
+	env->cur_state = NULL;
+	while (!pop_stack(env, NULL, NULL));
+	free_states(env);
+	if (ret)
+		/* clean aux data in case subprog was rejected */
+		sanitize_insn_aux_data(env);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* Verify all global functions in a BPF program one by one based on their BTF.
+ * All global functions must pass verification. Otherwise the whole program is rejected.
+ * Consider:
+ * int bar(int);
+ * int foo(int f)
+ * {
+ *    return bar(f);
+ * }
+ * int bar(int b)
+ * {
+ *    ...
+ * }
+ * foo() will be verified first for R1=any_scalar_value. During verification it
+ * will be assumed that bar() already verified successfully and call to bar()
+ * from foo() will be checked for type match only. Later bar() will be verified
+ * independently to check that it's safe for R1=any_scalar_value.
+ */
+static int do_check_subprogs(struct bpf_verifier_env *env)
+{
+	struct bpf_prog_aux *aux = env->prog->aux;
+	int i, ret;
+
+	if (!aux->func_info)
+		return 0;
+
+	for (i = 1; i < env->subprog_cnt; i++) {
+		if (aux->func_info_aux[i].linkage != BTF_FUNC_GLOBAL)
+			continue;
+		env->insn_idx = env->subprog_info[i].start;
+		WARN_ON_ONCE(env->insn_idx == 0);
+		ret = do_check_common(env, i);
+		if (ret) {
+			return ret;
+		} else if (env->log.level & BPF_LOG_LEVEL) {
+			verbose(env,
+				"Func#%d is safe for any args that match its prototype\n",
+				i);
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int do_check_main(struct bpf_verifier_env *env)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	env->insn_idx = 0;
+	ret = do_check_common(env, 0);
+	if (!ret)
+		env->prog->aux->stack_depth = env->subprog_info[0].stack_depth;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
 static void print_verification_stats(struct bpf_verifier_env *env)
 {
 	int i;
@@ -9849,18 +10005,14 @@ int bpf_check(struct bpf_prog **prog, union bpf_attr *attr,
 	if (ret < 0)
 		goto skip_full_check;
 
-	ret = do_check(env);
-	if (env->cur_state) {
-		free_verifier_state(env->cur_state, true);
-		env->cur_state = NULL;
-	}
+	ret = do_check_subprogs(env);
+	ret = ret ?: do_check_main(env);
 
 	if (ret == 0 && bpf_prog_is_dev_bound(env->prog->aux))
 		ret = bpf_prog_offload_finalize(env);
 
 skip_full_check:
-	while (!pop_stack(env, NULL, NULL));
-	free_states(env);
+	kvfree(env->explored_states);
 
 	if (ret == 0)
 		ret = check_max_stack_depth(env);

From 7608e4db6ded8e965dd213baddedba9602959e7d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Date: Thu, 9 Jan 2020 22:41:21 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 3/6] selftests/bpf: Add fexit-to-skb test for global funcs

Add simple fexit prog type to skb prog type test when subprogram is a global
function.

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200110064124.1760511-4-ast@kernel.org
---
 .../selftests/bpf/prog_tests/fexit_bpf2bpf.c  |  1 +
 .../selftests/bpf/progs/fexit_bpf2bpf.c       | 15 ++++++++++
 .../selftests/bpf/progs/test_pkt_access.c     | 28 +++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 44 insertions(+)

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/fexit_bpf2bpf.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/fexit_bpf2bpf.c
index b426bf2f97e42..7d3740d38965d 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/fexit_bpf2bpf.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/fexit_bpf2bpf.c
@@ -98,6 +98,7 @@ static void test_target_yes_callees(void)
 		"fexit/test_pkt_access",
 		"fexit/test_pkt_access_subprog1",
 		"fexit/test_pkt_access_subprog2",
+		"fexit/test_pkt_access_subprog3",
 	};
 	test_fexit_bpf2bpf_common("./fexit_bpf2bpf.o",
 				  "./test_pkt_access.o",
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/fexit_bpf2bpf.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/fexit_bpf2bpf.c
index 2d211ee98a1c9..81d7b4aaf79ed 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/fexit_bpf2bpf.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/fexit_bpf2bpf.c
@@ -79,4 +79,19 @@ int test_subprog2(struct args_subprog2 *ctx)
 	test_result_subprog2 = 1;
 	return 0;
 }
+
+__u64 test_result_subprog3 = 0;
+BPF_TRACE_3("fexit/test_pkt_access_subprog3", test_subprog3,
+	    int, val, struct sk_buff *, skb, int, ret)
+{
+	int len;
+
+	__builtin_preserve_access_index(({
+		len = skb->len;
+	}));
+	if (len != 74 || ret != 74 * val || val != 3)
+		return 0;
+	test_result_subprog3 = 1;
+	return 0;
+}
 char _license[] SEC("license") = "GPL";
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_pkt_access.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_pkt_access.c
index 3a7b4b607ed31..b77cebf71e668 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_pkt_access.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_pkt_access.c
@@ -47,6 +47,32 @@ int test_pkt_access_subprog2(int val, volatile struct __sk_buff *skb)
 	return skb->len * val;
 }
 
+#define MAX_STACK (512 - 2 * 32)
+
+__attribute__ ((noinline))
+int get_skb_len(struct __sk_buff *skb)
+{
+	volatile char buf[MAX_STACK] = {};
+
+	return skb->len;
+}
+
+int get_skb_ifindex(int, struct __sk_buff *skb, int);
+
+__attribute__ ((noinline))
+int test_pkt_access_subprog3(int val, struct __sk_buff *skb)
+{
+	return get_skb_len(skb) * get_skb_ifindex(val, skb, 1);
+}
+
+__attribute__ ((noinline))
+int get_skb_ifindex(int val, struct __sk_buff *skb, int var)
+{
+	volatile char buf[MAX_STACK] = {};
+
+	return skb->ifindex * val * var;
+}
+
 SEC("classifier/test_pkt_access")
 int test_pkt_access(struct __sk_buff *skb)
 {
@@ -82,6 +108,8 @@ int test_pkt_access(struct __sk_buff *skb)
 		return TC_ACT_SHOT;
 	if (test_pkt_access_subprog2(2, skb) != skb->len * 2)
 		return TC_ACT_SHOT;
+	if (test_pkt_access_subprog3(3, skb) != skb->len * 3 * skb->ifindex)
+		return TC_ACT_SHOT;
 	if (tcp) {
 		if (((void *)(tcp) + 20) > data_end || proto != 6)
 			return TC_ACT_SHOT;

From 6db2d81a46f99edb5690cf0b03bbe3b7f29dfd7b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Date: Thu, 9 Jan 2020 22:41:22 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 4/6] selftests/bpf: Add a test for a large global function

test results:
pyperf50 with always_inlined the same function five times: processed 46378 insns
pyperf50 with global function: processed 6102 insns

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200110064124.1760511-5-ast@kernel.org
---
 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/bpf_verif_scale.c | 2 ++
 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/pyperf.h               | 9 +++++++--
 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/pyperf_global.c        | 5 +++++
 3 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/pyperf_global.c

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/bpf_verif_scale.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/bpf_verif_scale.c
index 9486c13af6b2c..e9f2f12ba06b5 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/bpf_verif_scale.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/bpf_verif_scale.c
@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ void test_bpf_verif_scale(void)
 		{ "test_verif_scale2.o", BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_CLS },
 		{ "test_verif_scale3.o", BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_CLS },
 
+		{ "pyperf_global.o", BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT },
+
 		/* full unroll by llvm */
 		{ "pyperf50.o", BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT },
 		{ "pyperf100.o", BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT },
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/pyperf.h b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/pyperf.h
index 71d383cc9b85f..e186899954e9a 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/pyperf.h
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/pyperf.h
@@ -154,7 +154,12 @@ struct {
 	__uint(value_size, sizeof(long long) * 127);
 } stackmap SEC(".maps");
 
-static __always_inline int __on_event(struct pt_regs *ctx)
+#ifdef GLOBAL_FUNC
+__attribute__((noinline))
+#else
+static __always_inline
+#endif
+int __on_event(struct bpf_raw_tracepoint_args *ctx)
 {
 	uint64_t pid_tgid = bpf_get_current_pid_tgid();
 	pid_t pid = (pid_t)(pid_tgid >> 32);
@@ -254,7 +259,7 @@ static __always_inline int __on_event(struct pt_regs *ctx)
 }
 
 SEC("raw_tracepoint/kfree_skb")
-int on_event(struct pt_regs* ctx)
+int on_event(struct bpf_raw_tracepoint_args* ctx)
 {
 	int i, ret = 0;
 	ret |= __on_event(ctx);
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/pyperf_global.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/pyperf_global.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..079e78a7562b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/pyperf_global.c
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/* Copyright (c) 2020 Facebook */
+#define STACK_MAX_LEN 50
+#define GLOBAL_FUNC
+#include "pyperf.h"

From e528d1c0127accbc2be48f57dd67ab89b32fd815 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Date: Thu, 9 Jan 2020 22:41:23 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 5/6] selftests/bpf: Modify a test to check global functions

Make two static functions in test_xdp_noinline.c global:
before: processed 2790 insns
after: processed 2598 insns

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200110064124.1760511-6-ast@kernel.org
---
 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_xdp_noinline.c | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_xdp_noinline.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_xdp_noinline.c
index e88d7b9d65abf..f95bc1a176676 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_xdp_noinline.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_xdp_noinline.c
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ u32 jhash(const void *key, u32 length, u32 initval)
 	return c;
 }
 
-static __attribute__ ((noinline))
+__attribute__ ((noinline))
 u32 __jhash_nwords(u32 a, u32 b, u32 c, u32 initval)
 {
 	a += initval;
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ u32 __jhash_nwords(u32 a, u32 b, u32 c, u32 initval)
 	return c;
 }
 
-static __attribute__ ((noinline))
+__attribute__ ((noinline))
 u32 jhash_2words(u32 a, u32 b, u32 initval)
 {
 	return __jhash_nwords(a, b, 0, initval + JHASH_INITVAL + (2 << 2));

From 360301a6c21be87fe881546bd5f22eccf7a165c5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Date: Thu, 9 Jan 2020 22:41:24 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 6/6] selftests/bpf: Add unit tests for global functions

test_global_func[12] - check 512 stack limit.
test_global_func[34] - check 8 frame call chain limit.
test_global_func5    - check that non-ctx pointer cannot be passed into
                       a function that expects context.
test_global_func6    - check that ctx pointer is unmodified.
test_global_func7    - check that global function returns scalar.

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200110064124.1760511-7-ast@kernel.org
---
 .../bpf/prog_tests/test_global_funcs.c        | 82 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../selftests/bpf/progs/test_global_func1.c   | 45 ++++++++++
 .../selftests/bpf/progs/test_global_func2.c   |  4 +
 .../selftests/bpf/progs/test_global_func3.c   | 65 +++++++++++++++
 .../selftests/bpf/progs/test_global_func4.c   |  4 +
 .../selftests/bpf/progs/test_global_func5.c   | 31 +++++++
 .../selftests/bpf/progs/test_global_func6.c   | 31 +++++++
 .../selftests/bpf/progs/test_global_func7.c   | 18 ++++
 8 files changed, 280 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/test_global_funcs.c
 create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_global_func1.c
 create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_global_func2.c
 create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_global_func3.c
 create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_global_func4.c
 create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_global_func5.c
 create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_global_func6.c
 create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_global_func7.c

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/test_global_funcs.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/test_global_funcs.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..25b068591e9a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/test_global_funcs.c
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/* Copyright (c) 2020 Facebook */
+#include <test_progs.h>
+
+const char *err_str;
+bool found;
+
+static int libbpf_debug_print(enum libbpf_print_level level,
+			      const char *format, va_list args)
+{
+	char *log_buf;
+
+	if (level != LIBBPF_WARN ||
+	    strcmp(format, "libbpf: \n%s\n")) {
+		vprintf(format, args);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	log_buf = va_arg(args, char *);
+	if (!log_buf)
+		goto out;
+	if (strstr(log_buf, err_str) == 0)
+		found = true;
+out:
+	printf(format, log_buf);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+extern int extra_prog_load_log_flags;
+
+static int check_load(const char *file)
+{
+	struct bpf_prog_load_attr attr;
+	struct bpf_object *obj = NULL;
+	int err, prog_fd;
+
+	memset(&attr, 0, sizeof(struct bpf_prog_load_attr));
+	attr.file = file;
+	attr.prog_type = BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC;
+	attr.log_level = extra_prog_load_log_flags;
+	attr.prog_flags = BPF_F_TEST_RND_HI32;
+	found = false;
+	err = bpf_prog_load_xattr(&attr, &obj, &prog_fd);
+	bpf_object__close(obj);
+	return err;
+}
+
+struct test_def {
+	const char *file;
+	const char *err_str;
+};
+
+void test_test_global_funcs(void)
+{
+	struct test_def tests[] = {
+		{ "test_global_func1.o", "combined stack size of 4 calls is 544" },
+		{ "test_global_func2.o" },
+		{ "test_global_func3.o" , "the call stack of 8 frames" },
+		{ "test_global_func4.o" },
+		{ "test_global_func5.o" , "expected pointer to ctx, but got PTR" },
+		{ "test_global_func6.o" , "modified ctx ptr R2" },
+		{ "test_global_func7.o" , "foo() doesn't return scalar" },
+	};
+	libbpf_print_fn_t old_print_fn = NULL;
+	int err, i, duration = 0;
+
+	old_print_fn = libbpf_set_print(libbpf_debug_print);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(tests); i++) {
+		const struct test_def *test = &tests[i];
+
+		if (!test__start_subtest(test->file))
+			continue;
+
+		err_str = test->err_str;
+		err = check_load(test->file);
+		CHECK_FAIL(!!err ^ !!err_str);
+		if (err_str)
+			CHECK(found, "", "expected string '%s'", err_str);
+	}
+	libbpf_set_print(old_print_fn);
+}
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_global_func1.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_global_func1.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..97d57d6e244e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_global_func1.c
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+/* Copyright (c) 2020 Facebook */
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <linux/bpf.h>
+#include "bpf_helpers.h"
+
+#ifndef MAX_STACK
+#define MAX_STACK (512 - 3 * 32 + 8)
+#endif
+
+static __attribute__ ((noinline))
+int f0(int var, struct __sk_buff *skb)
+{
+	return skb->len;
+}
+
+__attribute__ ((noinline))
+int f1(struct __sk_buff *skb)
+{
+	volatile char buf[MAX_STACK] = {};
+
+	return f0(0, skb) + skb->len;
+}
+
+int f3(int, struct __sk_buff *skb, int);
+
+__attribute__ ((noinline))
+int f2(int val, struct __sk_buff *skb)
+{
+	return f1(skb) + f3(val, skb, 1);
+}
+
+__attribute__ ((noinline))
+int f3(int val, struct __sk_buff *skb, int var)
+{
+	volatile char buf[MAX_STACK] = {};
+
+	return skb->ifindex * val * var;
+}
+
+SEC("classifier/test")
+int test_cls(struct __sk_buff *skb)
+{
+	return f0(1, skb) + f1(skb) + f2(2, skb) + f3(3, skb, 4);
+}
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_global_func2.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_global_func2.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..2c18d82923a2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_global_func2.c
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+/* Copyright (c) 2020 Facebook */
+#define MAX_STACK (512 - 3 * 32)
+#include "test_global_func1.c"
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_global_func3.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_global_func3.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..514ecf9f51b09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_global_func3.c
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+/* Copyright (c) 2020 Facebook */
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <linux/bpf.h>
+#include "bpf_helpers.h"
+
+__attribute__ ((noinline))
+int f1(struct __sk_buff *skb)
+{
+	return skb->len;
+}
+
+__attribute__ ((noinline))
+int f2(int val, struct __sk_buff *skb)
+{
+	return f1(skb) + val;
+}
+
+__attribute__ ((noinline))
+int f3(int val, struct __sk_buff *skb, int var)
+{
+	return f2(var, skb) + val;
+}
+
+__attribute__ ((noinline))
+int f4(struct __sk_buff *skb)
+{
+	return f3(1, skb, 2);
+}
+
+__attribute__ ((noinline))
+int f5(struct __sk_buff *skb)
+{
+	return f4(skb);
+}
+
+__attribute__ ((noinline))
+int f6(struct __sk_buff *skb)
+{
+	return f5(skb);
+}
+
+__attribute__ ((noinline))
+int f7(struct __sk_buff *skb)
+{
+	return f6(skb);
+}
+
+#ifndef NO_FN8
+__attribute__ ((noinline))
+int f8(struct __sk_buff *skb)
+{
+	return f7(skb);
+}
+#endif
+
+SEC("classifier/test")
+int test_cls(struct __sk_buff *skb)
+{
+#ifndef NO_FN8
+	return f8(skb);
+#else
+	return f7(skb);
+#endif
+}
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_global_func4.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_global_func4.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..610f75edf2764
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_global_func4.c
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+/* Copyright (c) 2020 Facebook */
+#define NO_FN8
+#include "test_global_func3.c"
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_global_func5.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_global_func5.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..86787c03cea8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_global_func5.c
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+/* Copyright (c) 2020 Facebook */
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <linux/bpf.h>
+#include "bpf_helpers.h"
+
+__attribute__ ((noinline))
+int f1(struct __sk_buff *skb)
+{
+	return skb->len;
+}
+
+int f3(int, struct __sk_buff *skb);
+
+__attribute__ ((noinline))
+int f2(int val, struct __sk_buff *skb)
+{
+	return f1(skb) + f3(val, (void *)&val); /* type mismatch */
+}
+
+__attribute__ ((noinline))
+int f3(int val, struct __sk_buff *skb)
+{
+	return skb->ifindex * val;
+}
+
+SEC("classifier/test")
+int test_cls(struct __sk_buff *skb)
+{
+	return f1(skb) + f2(2, skb) + f3(3, skb);
+}
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_global_func6.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_global_func6.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..e215fb3e6f02f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_global_func6.c
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+/* Copyright (c) 2020 Facebook */
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <linux/bpf.h>
+#include "bpf_helpers.h"
+
+__attribute__ ((noinline))
+int f1(struct __sk_buff *skb)
+{
+	return skb->len;
+}
+
+int f3(int, struct __sk_buff *skb);
+
+__attribute__ ((noinline))
+int f2(int val, struct __sk_buff *skb)
+{
+	return f1(skb) + f3(val, skb + 1); /* type mismatch */
+}
+
+__attribute__ ((noinline))
+int f3(int val, struct __sk_buff *skb)
+{
+	return skb->ifindex * val;
+}
+
+SEC("classifier/test")
+int test_cls(struct __sk_buff *skb)
+{
+	return f1(skb) + f2(2, skb) + f3(3, skb);
+}
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_global_func7.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_global_func7.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..ff98d93916fd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_global_func7.c
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+/* Copyright (c) 2020 Facebook */
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <linux/bpf.h>
+#include "bpf_helpers.h"
+
+__attribute__ ((noinline))
+void foo(struct __sk_buff *skb)
+{
+	skb->tc_index = 0;
+}
+
+SEC("classifier/test")
+int test_cls(struct __sk_buff *skb)
+{
+	foo(skb);
+	return 0;
+}