diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/btree_cache.c b/fs/bcachefs/btree_cache.c
index 672ca2c1d37d..ca755e8d1a37 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/btree_cache.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/btree_cache.c
@@ -24,7 +24,10 @@ do {						 \
 } while (0)
 
 const char * const bch2_btree_node_flags[] = {
-#define x(f)	#f,
+	"typebit",
+	"typebit",
+	"typebit",
+#define x(f)	[BTREE_NODE_##f] = #f,
 	BTREE_FLAGS()
 #undef x
 	NULL
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/btree_iter.c b/fs/bcachefs/btree_iter.c
index 367231ab1980..5988219c6908 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/btree_iter.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/btree_iter.c
@@ -2239,8 +2239,6 @@ struct bkey_s_c btree_trans_peek_key_cache(struct btree_iter *iter, struct bpos
 	if (unlikely(ret))
 		return bkey_s_c_err(ret);
 
-	btree_path_set_should_be_locked(trans, trans->paths + iter->key_cache_path);
-
 	k = bch2_btree_path_peek_slot(trans->paths + iter->key_cache_path, &u);
 	if (!k.k)
 		return k;
@@ -2251,6 +2249,7 @@ struct bkey_s_c btree_trans_peek_key_cache(struct btree_iter *iter, struct bpos
 
 	iter->k = u;
 	k.k = &iter->k;
+	btree_path_set_should_be_locked(trans, trans->paths + iter->key_cache_path);
 	return k;
 }
 
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/btree_key_cache.c b/fs/bcachefs/btree_key_cache.c
index 3b62296c3100..c378b97ebeca 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/btree_key_cache.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/btree_key_cache.c
@@ -291,8 +291,10 @@ static noinline int btree_key_cache_fill(struct btree_trans *trans,
 					 struct btree_path *ck_path,
 					 unsigned flags)
 {
-	if (flags & BTREE_ITER_cached_nofill)
+	if (flags & BTREE_ITER_cached_nofill) {
+		ck_path->l[0].b = NULL;
 		return 0;
+	}
 
 	struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
 	struct btree_iter iter;
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/btree_trans_commit.c b/fs/bcachefs/btree_trans_commit.c
index 6b79b672e0b1..2760dd9569ed 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/btree_trans_commit.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/btree_trans_commit.c
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ static __always_inline int bch2_trans_journal_res_get(struct btree_trans *trans,
 						      unsigned flags)
 {
 	return bch2_journal_res_get(&trans->c->journal, &trans->journal_res,
-				    trans->journal_u64s, flags);
+				    trans->journal_u64s, flags, trans);
 }
 
 #define JSET_ENTRY_LOG_U64s		4
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/compress.c b/fs/bcachefs/compress.c
index f99ff1819597..114bf2f3879f 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/compress.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/compress.c
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "compress.h"
 #include "error.h"
 #include "extents.h"
+#include "io_write.h"
 #include "opts.h"
 #include "super-io.h"
 
@@ -254,11 +255,14 @@ static int __bio_uncompress(struct bch_fs *c, struct bio *src,
 	goto out;
 }
 
-int bch2_bio_uncompress_inplace(struct bch_fs *c, struct bio *bio,
-				struct bch_extent_crc_unpacked *crc)
+int bch2_bio_uncompress_inplace(struct bch_write_op *op,
+				struct bio *bio)
 {
+	struct bch_fs *c = op->c;
+	struct bch_extent_crc_unpacked *crc = &op->crc;
 	struct bbuf data = { NULL };
 	size_t dst_len = crc->uncompressed_size << 9;
+	int ret = 0;
 
 	/* bio must own its pages: */
 	BUG_ON(!bio->bi_vcnt);
@@ -266,17 +270,26 @@ int bch2_bio_uncompress_inplace(struct bch_fs *c, struct bio *bio,
 
 	if (crc->uncompressed_size << 9	> c->opts.encoded_extent_max ||
 	    crc->compressed_size << 9	> c->opts.encoded_extent_max) {
-		bch_err(c, "error rewriting existing data: extent too big");
+		struct printbuf buf = PRINTBUF;
+		bch2_write_op_error(&buf, op);
+		prt_printf(&buf, "error rewriting existing data: extent too big");
+		bch_err_ratelimited(c, "%s", buf.buf);
+		printbuf_exit(&buf);
 		return -EIO;
 	}
 
 	data = __bounce_alloc(c, dst_len, WRITE);
 
 	if (__bio_uncompress(c, bio, data.b, *crc)) {
-		if (!c->opts.no_data_io)
-			bch_err(c, "error rewriting existing data: decompression error");
-		bio_unmap_or_unbounce(c, data);
-		return -EIO;
+		if (!c->opts.no_data_io) {
+			struct printbuf buf = PRINTBUF;
+			bch2_write_op_error(&buf, op);
+			prt_printf(&buf, "error rewriting existing data: decompression error");
+			bch_err_ratelimited(c, "%s", buf.buf);
+			printbuf_exit(&buf);
+		}
+		ret = -EIO;
+		goto err;
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -293,9 +306,9 @@ int bch2_bio_uncompress_inplace(struct bch_fs *c, struct bio *bio,
 	crc->uncompressed_size	= crc->live_size;
 	crc->offset		= 0;
 	crc->csum		= (struct bch_csum) { 0, 0 };
-
+err:
 	bio_unmap_or_unbounce(c, data);
-	return 0;
+	return ret;
 }
 
 int bch2_bio_uncompress(struct bch_fs *c, struct bio *src,
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/compress.h b/fs/bcachefs/compress.h
index 607fd5e232c9..bec2f05bfd52 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/compress.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/compress.h
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ static inline enum bch_compression_type bch2_compression_opt_to_type(unsigned v)
 	return __bch2_compression_opt_to_type[bch2_compression_decode(v).type];
 }
 
-int bch2_bio_uncompress_inplace(struct bch_fs *, struct bio *,
-				struct bch_extent_crc_unpacked *);
+struct bch_write_op;
+int bch2_bio_uncompress_inplace(struct bch_write_op *, struct bio *);
 int bch2_bio_uncompress(struct bch_fs *, struct bio *, struct bio *,
 		       struct bvec_iter, struct bch_extent_crc_unpacked);
 unsigned bch2_bio_compress(struct bch_fs *, struct bio *, size_t *,
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/data_update.c b/fs/bcachefs/data_update.c
index 585214931e05..337494facac6 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/data_update.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/data_update.c
@@ -91,15 +91,28 @@ static bool bkey_nocow_lock(struct bch_fs *c, struct moving_context *ctxt, struc
 	return true;
 }
 
-static void trace_move_extent_finish2(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k)
+static noinline void trace_move_extent_finish2(struct data_update *u,
+					       struct bkey_i *new,
+					       struct bkey_i *insert)
 {
-	if (trace_move_extent_finish_enabled()) {
-		struct printbuf buf = PRINTBUF;
+	struct bch_fs *c = u->op.c;
+	struct printbuf buf = PRINTBUF;
 
-		bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, k);
-		trace_move_extent_finish(c, buf.buf);
-		printbuf_exit(&buf);
-	}
+	prt_newline(&buf);
+
+	bch2_data_update_to_text(&buf, u);
+	prt_newline(&buf);
+
+	prt_str_indented(&buf, "new replicas:\t");
+	bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, bkey_i_to_s_c(new));
+	prt_newline(&buf);
+
+	prt_str_indented(&buf, "insert:\t");
+	bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, bkey_i_to_s_c(insert));
+	prt_newline(&buf);
+
+	trace_move_extent_finish(c, buf.buf);
+	printbuf_exit(&buf);
 }
 
 static void trace_move_extent_fail2(struct data_update *m,
@@ -372,7 +385,8 @@ static int __bch2_data_update_index_update(struct btree_trans *trans,
 			bch2_btree_iter_set_pos(&iter, next_pos);
 
 			this_cpu_add(c->counters[BCH_COUNTER_move_extent_finish], new->k.size);
-			trace_move_extent_finish2(c, bkey_i_to_s_c(&new->k_i));
+			if (trace_move_extent_finish_enabled())
+				trace_move_extent_finish2(m, &new->k_i, insert);
 		}
 err:
 		if (bch2_err_matches(ret, BCH_ERR_transaction_restart))
@@ -525,34 +539,38 @@ void bch2_data_update_opts_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct bch_fs *c,
 				   struct data_update_opts *data_opts)
 {
 	printbuf_tabstop_push(out, 20);
-	prt_str(out, "rewrite ptrs:\t");
+
+	prt_str_indented(out, "rewrite ptrs:\t");
 	bch2_prt_u64_base2(out, data_opts->rewrite_ptrs);
 	prt_newline(out);
 
-	prt_str(out, "kill ptrs:\t");
+	prt_str_indented(out, "kill ptrs:\t");
 	bch2_prt_u64_base2(out, data_opts->kill_ptrs);
 	prt_newline(out);
 
-	prt_str(out, "target:\t");
+	prt_str_indented(out, "target:\t");
 	bch2_target_to_text(out, c, data_opts->target);
 	prt_newline(out);
 
-	prt_str(out, "compression:\t");
+	prt_str_indented(out, "compression:\t");
 	bch2_compression_opt_to_text(out, io_opts->background_compression);
 	prt_newline(out);
 
-	prt_str(out, "opts.replicas:\t");
+	prt_str_indented(out, "opts.replicas:\t");
 	prt_u64(out, io_opts->data_replicas);
+	prt_newline(out);
 
-	prt_str(out, "extra replicas:\t");
+	prt_str_indented(out, "extra replicas:\t");
 	prt_u64(out, data_opts->extra_replicas);
 }
 
 void bch2_data_update_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct data_update *m)
 {
-	bch2_bkey_val_to_text(out, m->op.c, bkey_i_to_s_c(m->k.k));
-	prt_newline(out);
 	bch2_data_update_opts_to_text(out, m->op.c, &m->op.opts, &m->data_opts);
+	prt_newline(out);
+
+	prt_str_indented(out, "old key:\t");
+	bch2_bkey_val_to_text(out, m->op.c, bkey_i_to_s_c(m->k.k));
 }
 
 int bch2_extent_drop_ptrs(struct btree_trans *trans,
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/debug.c b/fs/bcachefs/debug.c
index b5de52a50d10..55333e82d1fe 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/debug.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/debug.c
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include "extents.h"
 #include "fsck.h"
 #include "inode.h"
+#include "journal_reclaim.h"
 #include "super.h"
 
 #include <linux/console.h>
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/io_write.c b/fs/bcachefs/io_write.c
index 3e71860f66b9..dd508d93e9fc 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/io_write.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/io_write.c
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ static void __bch2_write_op_error(struct printbuf *out, struct bch_write_op *op,
 		   op->flags & BCH_WRITE_MOVE ? "(internal move)" : "");
 }
 
-static void bch2_write_op_error(struct printbuf *out, struct bch_write_op *op)
+void bch2_write_op_error(struct printbuf *out, struct bch_write_op *op)
 {
 	__bch2_write_op_error(out, op, op->pos.offset);
 }
@@ -873,7 +873,7 @@ static enum prep_encoded_ret {
 		if (bch2_crc_cmp(op->crc.csum, csum) && !c->opts.no_data_io)
 			return PREP_ENCODED_CHECKSUM_ERR;
 
-		if (bch2_bio_uncompress_inplace(c, bio, &op->crc))
+		if (bch2_bio_uncompress_inplace(op, bio))
 			return PREP_ENCODED_ERR;
 	}
 
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/io_write.h b/fs/bcachefs/io_write.h
index 5400ce94ee57..b4626013abc8 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/io_write.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/io_write.h
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ static inline void bch2_latency_acct(struct bch_dev *ca, u64 submit_time, int rw
 void bch2_submit_wbio_replicas(struct bch_write_bio *, struct bch_fs *,
 			       enum bch_data_type, const struct bkey_i *, bool);
 
+void bch2_write_op_error(struct printbuf *out, struct bch_write_op *op);
+
 #define BCH_WRITE_FLAGS()		\
 	x(ALLOC_NOWAIT)			\
 	x(CACHED)			\
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/journal.c b/fs/bcachefs/journal.c
index 2cd20114b74b..cb2c3722f674 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/journal.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/journal.c
@@ -113,11 +113,10 @@ journal_seq_to_buf(struct journal *j, u64 seq)
 
 static void journal_pin_list_init(struct journal_entry_pin_list *p, int count)
 {
-	unsigned i;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(p->list); i++)
-		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&p->list[i]);
-	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&p->flushed);
+	for (unsigned i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(p->unflushed); i++)
+		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&p->unflushed[i]);
+	for (unsigned i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(p->flushed); i++)
+		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&p->flushed[i]);
 	atomic_set(&p->count, count);
 	p->devs.nr = 0;
 }
@@ -601,6 +600,16 @@ static int __journal_res_get(struct journal *j, struct journal_res *res,
 		: -BCH_ERR_journal_res_get_blocked;
 }
 
+static unsigned max_dev_latency(struct bch_fs *c)
+{
+	u64 nsecs = 0;
+
+	for_each_rw_member(c, ca)
+		nsecs = max(nsecs, ca->io_latency[WRITE].stats.max_duration);
+
+	return nsecs_to_jiffies(nsecs);
+}
+
 /*
  * Essentially the entry function to the journaling code. When bcachefs is doing
  * a btree insert, it calls this function to get the current journal write.
@@ -612,17 +621,31 @@ static int __journal_res_get(struct journal *j, struct journal_res *res,
  * btree node write locks.
  */
 int bch2_journal_res_get_slowpath(struct journal *j, struct journal_res *res,
-				  unsigned flags)
+				  unsigned flags,
+				  struct btree_trans *trans)
 {
 	int ret;
 
 	if (closure_wait_event_timeout(&j->async_wait,
 		   (ret = __journal_res_get(j, res, flags)) != -BCH_ERR_journal_res_get_blocked ||
 		   (flags & JOURNAL_RES_GET_NONBLOCK),
-		   HZ * 10))
+		   HZ))
 		return ret;
 
+	if (trans)
+		bch2_trans_unlock_long(trans);
+
 	struct bch_fs *c = container_of(j, struct bch_fs, journal);
+	int remaining_wait = max(max_dev_latency(c) * 2, HZ * 10);
+
+	remaining_wait = max(0, remaining_wait - HZ);
+
+	if (closure_wait_event_timeout(&j->async_wait,
+		   (ret = __journal_res_get(j, res, flags)) != -BCH_ERR_journal_res_get_blocked ||
+		   (flags & JOURNAL_RES_GET_NONBLOCK),
+		   remaining_wait))
+		return ret;
+
 	struct printbuf buf = PRINTBUF;
 	bch2_journal_debug_to_text(&buf, j);
 	bch_err(c, "Journal stuck? Waited for 10 seconds...\n%s",
@@ -727,7 +750,7 @@ int bch2_journal_flush_seq_async(struct journal *j, u64 seq,
 		 * livelock:
 		 */
 		sched_annotate_sleep();
-		ret = bch2_journal_res_get(j, &res, jset_u64s(0), 0);
+		ret = bch2_journal_res_get(j, &res, jset_u64s(0), 0, NULL);
 		if (ret)
 			return ret;
 
@@ -848,7 +871,7 @@ bool bch2_journal_noflush_seq(struct journal *j, u64 start, u64 end)
 static int __bch2_journal_meta(struct journal *j)
 {
 	struct journal_res res = {};
-	int ret = bch2_journal_res_get(j, &res, jset_u64s(0), 0);
+	int ret = bch2_journal_res_get(j, &res, jset_u64s(0), 0, NULL);
 	if (ret)
 		return ret;
 
@@ -1602,54 +1625,3 @@ void bch2_journal_debug_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct journal *j)
 	__bch2_journal_debug_to_text(out, j);
 	spin_unlock(&j->lock);
 }
-
-bool bch2_journal_seq_pins_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct journal *j, u64 *seq)
-{
-	struct journal_entry_pin_list *pin_list;
-	struct journal_entry_pin *pin;
-
-	spin_lock(&j->lock);
-	if (!test_bit(JOURNAL_running, &j->flags)) {
-		spin_unlock(&j->lock);
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	*seq = max(*seq, j->pin.front);
-
-	if (*seq >= j->pin.back) {
-		spin_unlock(&j->lock);
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	out->atomic++;
-
-	pin_list = journal_seq_pin(j, *seq);
-
-	prt_printf(out, "%llu: count %u\n", *seq, atomic_read(&pin_list->count));
-	printbuf_indent_add(out, 2);
-
-	for (unsigned i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pin_list->list); i++)
-		list_for_each_entry(pin, &pin_list->list[i], list)
-			prt_printf(out, "\t%px %ps\n", pin, pin->flush);
-
-	if (!list_empty(&pin_list->flushed))
-		prt_printf(out, "flushed:\n");
-
-	list_for_each_entry(pin, &pin_list->flushed, list)
-		prt_printf(out, "\t%px %ps\n", pin, pin->flush);
-
-	printbuf_indent_sub(out, 2);
-
-	--out->atomic;
-	spin_unlock(&j->lock);
-
-	return false;
-}
-
-void bch2_journal_pins_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct journal *j)
-{
-	u64 seq = 0;
-
-	while (!bch2_journal_seq_pins_to_text(out, j, &seq))
-		seq++;
-}
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/journal.h b/fs/bcachefs/journal.h
index cb0df0663946..dccddd5420ad 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/journal.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/journal.h
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ static inline void bch2_journal_res_put(struct journal *j,
 }
 
 int bch2_journal_res_get_slowpath(struct journal *, struct journal_res *,
-				  unsigned);
+				  unsigned, struct btree_trans *);
 
 /* First bits for BCH_WATERMARK: */
 enum journal_res_flags {
@@ -368,7 +368,8 @@ static inline int journal_res_get_fast(struct journal *j,
 }
 
 static inline int bch2_journal_res_get(struct journal *j, struct journal_res *res,
-				       unsigned u64s, unsigned flags)
+				       unsigned u64s, unsigned flags,
+				       struct btree_trans *trans)
 {
 	int ret;
 
@@ -380,7 +381,7 @@ static inline int bch2_journal_res_get(struct journal *j, struct journal_res *re
 	if (journal_res_get_fast(j, res, flags))
 		goto out;
 
-	ret = bch2_journal_res_get_slowpath(j, res, flags);
+	ret = bch2_journal_res_get_slowpath(j, res, flags, trans);
 	if (ret)
 		return ret;
 out:
@@ -429,8 +430,6 @@ struct journal_buf *bch2_next_write_buffer_flush_journal_buf(struct journal *, u
 
 void __bch2_journal_debug_to_text(struct printbuf *, struct journal *);
 void bch2_journal_debug_to_text(struct printbuf *, struct journal *);
-void bch2_journal_pins_to_text(struct printbuf *, struct journal *);
-bool bch2_journal_seq_pins_to_text(struct printbuf *, struct journal *, u64 *);
 
 int bch2_set_nr_journal_buckets(struct bch_fs *, struct bch_dev *,
 				unsigned nr);
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/journal_io.c b/fs/bcachefs/journal_io.c
index 7f2efe85a805..11c39e0c34f4 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/journal_io.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/journal_io.c
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include "sb-clean.h"
 #include "trace.h"
 
+#include <linux/ioprio.h>
 #include <linux/string_choices.h>
 
 void bch2_journal_pos_from_member_info_set(struct bch_fs *c)
@@ -1763,6 +1764,7 @@ static CLOSURE_CALLBACK(journal_write_submit)
 		bio->bi_iter.bi_sector	= ptr->offset;
 		bio->bi_end_io		= journal_write_endio;
 		bio->bi_private		= ca;
+		bio->bi_ioprio		= IOPRIO_PRIO_VALUE(IOPRIO_CLASS_RT, 0);
 
 		BUG_ON(bio->bi_iter.bi_sector == ca->prev_journal_sector);
 		ca->prev_journal_sector = bio->bi_iter.bi_sector;
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/journal_reclaim.c b/fs/bcachefs/journal_reclaim.c
index 3c8242606da7..6a9cefb635d6 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/journal_reclaim.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/journal_reclaim.c
@@ -327,8 +327,10 @@ void bch2_journal_reclaim_fast(struct journal *j)
 		popped = true;
 	}
 
-	if (popped)
+	if (popped) {
 		bch2_journal_space_available(j);
+		__closure_wake_up(&j->reclaim_flush_wait);
+	}
 }
 
 bool __bch2_journal_pin_put(struct journal *j, u64 seq)
@@ -362,6 +364,9 @@ static inline bool __journal_pin_drop(struct journal *j,
 	pin->seq = 0;
 	list_del_init(&pin->list);
 
+	if (j->reclaim_flush_wait.list.first)
+		__closure_wake_up(&j->reclaim_flush_wait);
+
 	/*
 	 * Unpinning a journal entry may make journal_next_bucket() succeed, if
 	 * writing a new last_seq will now make another bucket available:
@@ -383,11 +388,11 @@ static enum journal_pin_type journal_pin_type(journal_pin_flush_fn fn)
 {
 	if (fn == bch2_btree_node_flush0 ||
 	    fn == bch2_btree_node_flush1)
-		return JOURNAL_PIN_btree;
+		return JOURNAL_PIN_TYPE_btree;
 	else if (fn == bch2_btree_key_cache_journal_flush)
-		return JOURNAL_PIN_key_cache;
+		return JOURNAL_PIN_TYPE_key_cache;
 	else
-		return JOURNAL_PIN_other;
+		return JOURNAL_PIN_TYPE_other;
 }
 
 static inline void bch2_journal_pin_set_locked(struct journal *j, u64 seq,
@@ -406,7 +411,12 @@ static inline void bch2_journal_pin_set_locked(struct journal *j, u64 seq,
 	atomic_inc(&pin_list->count);
 	pin->seq	= seq;
 	pin->flush	= flush_fn;
-	list_add(&pin->list, &pin_list->list[type]);
+
+	if (list_empty(&pin_list->unflushed[type]) &&
+	    j->reclaim_flush_wait.list.first)
+		__closure_wake_up(&j->reclaim_flush_wait);
+
+	list_add(&pin->list, &pin_list->unflushed[type]);
 }
 
 void bch2_journal_pin_copy(struct journal *j,
@@ -499,16 +509,15 @@ journal_get_next_pin(struct journal *j,
 {
 	struct journal_entry_pin_list *pin_list;
 	struct journal_entry_pin *ret = NULL;
-	unsigned i;
 
 	fifo_for_each_entry_ptr(pin_list, &j->pin, *seq) {
 		if (*seq > seq_to_flush && !allowed_above_seq)
 			break;
 
-		for (i = 0; i < JOURNAL_PIN_NR; i++)
-			if ((((1U << i) & allowed_below_seq) && *seq <= seq_to_flush) ||
-			    ((1U << i) & allowed_above_seq)) {
-				ret = list_first_entry_or_null(&pin_list->list[i],
+		for (unsigned i = 0; i < JOURNAL_PIN_TYPE_NR; i++)
+			if (((BIT(i) & allowed_below_seq) && *seq <= seq_to_flush) ||
+			    (BIT(i) & allowed_above_seq)) {
+				ret = list_first_entry_or_null(&pin_list->unflushed[i],
 					struct journal_entry_pin, list);
 				if (ret)
 					return ret;
@@ -544,8 +553,8 @@ static size_t journal_flush_pins(struct journal *j,
 		}
 
 		if (min_key_cache) {
-			allowed_above |= 1U << JOURNAL_PIN_key_cache;
-			allowed_below |= 1U << JOURNAL_PIN_key_cache;
+			allowed_above |= BIT(JOURNAL_PIN_TYPE_key_cache);
+			allowed_below |= BIT(JOURNAL_PIN_TYPE_key_cache);
 		}
 
 		cond_resched();
@@ -553,7 +562,9 @@ static size_t journal_flush_pins(struct journal *j,
 		j->last_flushed = jiffies;
 
 		spin_lock(&j->lock);
-		pin = journal_get_next_pin(j, seq_to_flush, allowed_below, allowed_above, &seq);
+		pin = journal_get_next_pin(j, seq_to_flush,
+					   allowed_below,
+					   allowed_above, &seq);
 		if (pin) {
 			BUG_ON(j->flush_in_progress);
 			j->flush_in_progress = pin;
@@ -576,7 +587,7 @@ static size_t journal_flush_pins(struct journal *j,
 		spin_lock(&j->lock);
 		/* Pin might have been dropped or rearmed: */
 		if (likely(!err && !j->flush_in_progress_dropped))
-			list_move(&pin->list, &journal_seq_pin(j, seq)->flushed);
+			list_move(&pin->list, &journal_seq_pin(j, seq)->flushed[journal_pin_type(flush_fn)]);
 		j->flush_in_progress = NULL;
 		j->flush_in_progress_dropped = false;
 		spin_unlock(&j->lock);
@@ -816,10 +827,41 @@ int bch2_journal_reclaim_start(struct journal *j)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static bool journal_pins_still_flushing(struct journal *j, u64 seq_to_flush,
+					unsigned types)
+{
+	struct journal_entry_pin_list *pin_list;
+	u64 seq;
+
+	spin_lock(&j->lock);
+	fifo_for_each_entry_ptr(pin_list, &j->pin, seq) {
+		if (seq > seq_to_flush)
+			break;
+
+		for (unsigned i = 0; i < JOURNAL_PIN_TYPE_NR; i++)
+			if ((BIT(i) & types) &&
+			    (!list_empty(&pin_list->unflushed[i]) ||
+			     !list_empty(&pin_list->flushed[i]))) {
+				spin_unlock(&j->lock);
+				return true;
+			}
+	}
+	spin_unlock(&j->lock);
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+static bool journal_flush_pins_or_still_flushing(struct journal *j, u64 seq_to_flush,
+						 unsigned types)
+{
+	return  journal_flush_pins(j, seq_to_flush, types, 0, 0, 0) ||
+		journal_pins_still_flushing(j, seq_to_flush, types);
+}
+
 static int journal_flush_done(struct journal *j, u64 seq_to_flush,
 			      bool *did_work)
 {
-	int ret;
+	int ret = 0;
 
 	ret = bch2_journal_error(j);
 	if (ret)
@@ -827,12 +869,18 @@ static int journal_flush_done(struct journal *j, u64 seq_to_flush,
 
 	mutex_lock(&j->reclaim_lock);
 
-	if (journal_flush_pins(j, seq_to_flush,
-			       (1U << JOURNAL_PIN_key_cache)|
-			       (1U << JOURNAL_PIN_other), 0, 0, 0) ||
-	    journal_flush_pins(j, seq_to_flush,
-			       (1U << JOURNAL_PIN_btree), 0, 0, 0))
+	if (journal_flush_pins_or_still_flushing(j, seq_to_flush,
+			       BIT(JOURNAL_PIN_TYPE_key_cache)|
+			       BIT(JOURNAL_PIN_TYPE_other))) {
+		*did_work = true;
+		goto unlock;
+	}
+
+	if (journal_flush_pins_or_still_flushing(j, seq_to_flush,
+			       BIT(JOURNAL_PIN_TYPE_btree))) {
 		*did_work = true;
+		goto unlock;
+	}
 
 	if (seq_to_flush > journal_cur_seq(j))
 		bch2_journal_entry_close(j);
@@ -847,6 +895,7 @@ static int journal_flush_done(struct journal *j, u64 seq_to_flush,
 		!fifo_used(&j->pin);
 
 	spin_unlock(&j->lock);
+unlock:
 	mutex_unlock(&j->reclaim_lock);
 
 	return ret;
@@ -860,7 +909,7 @@ bool bch2_journal_flush_pins(struct journal *j, u64 seq_to_flush)
 	if (!test_bit(JOURNAL_running, &j->flags))
 		return false;
 
-	closure_wait_event(&j->async_wait,
+	closure_wait_event(&j->reclaim_flush_wait,
 		journal_flush_done(j, seq_to_flush, &did_work));
 
 	return did_work;
@@ -926,3 +975,54 @@ int bch2_journal_flush_device_pins(struct journal *j, int dev_idx)
 
 	return ret;
 }
+
+bool bch2_journal_seq_pins_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct journal *j, u64 *seq)
+{
+	struct journal_entry_pin_list *pin_list;
+	struct journal_entry_pin *pin;
+
+	spin_lock(&j->lock);
+	if (!test_bit(JOURNAL_running, &j->flags)) {
+		spin_unlock(&j->lock);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	*seq = max(*seq, j->pin.front);
+
+	if (*seq >= j->pin.back) {
+		spin_unlock(&j->lock);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	out->atomic++;
+
+	pin_list = journal_seq_pin(j, *seq);
+
+	prt_printf(out, "%llu: count %u\n", *seq, atomic_read(&pin_list->count));
+	printbuf_indent_add(out, 2);
+
+	prt_printf(out, "unflushed:\n");
+	for (unsigned i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pin_list->unflushed); i++)
+		list_for_each_entry(pin, &pin_list->unflushed[i], list)
+			prt_printf(out, "\t%px %ps\n", pin, pin->flush);
+
+	prt_printf(out, "flushed:\n");
+	for (unsigned i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pin_list->flushed); i++)
+		list_for_each_entry(pin, &pin_list->flushed[i], list)
+			prt_printf(out, "\t%px %ps\n", pin, pin->flush);
+
+	printbuf_indent_sub(out, 2);
+
+	--out->atomic;
+	spin_unlock(&j->lock);
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+void bch2_journal_pins_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct journal *j)
+{
+	u64 seq = 0;
+
+	while (!bch2_journal_seq_pins_to_text(out, j, &seq))
+		seq++;
+}
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/journal_reclaim.h b/fs/bcachefs/journal_reclaim.h
index ec84c3345281..0a73d7134e1c 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/journal_reclaim.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/journal_reclaim.h
@@ -78,4 +78,7 @@ static inline bool bch2_journal_flush_all_pins(struct journal *j)
 
 int bch2_journal_flush_device_pins(struct journal *, int);
 
+void bch2_journal_pins_to_text(struct printbuf *, struct journal *);
+bool bch2_journal_seq_pins_to_text(struct printbuf *, struct journal *, u64 *);
+
 #endif /* _BCACHEFS_JOURNAL_RECLAIM_H */
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/journal_types.h b/fs/bcachefs/journal_types.h
index e9bd716fbb71..3ba433a48eb8 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/journal_types.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/journal_types.h
@@ -53,15 +53,15 @@ struct journal_buf {
  */
 
 enum journal_pin_type {
-	JOURNAL_PIN_btree,
-	JOURNAL_PIN_key_cache,
-	JOURNAL_PIN_other,
-	JOURNAL_PIN_NR,
+	JOURNAL_PIN_TYPE_btree,
+	JOURNAL_PIN_TYPE_key_cache,
+	JOURNAL_PIN_TYPE_other,
+	JOURNAL_PIN_TYPE_NR,
 };
 
 struct journal_entry_pin_list {
-	struct list_head		list[JOURNAL_PIN_NR];
-	struct list_head		flushed;
+	struct list_head		unflushed[JOURNAL_PIN_TYPE_NR];
+	struct list_head		flushed[JOURNAL_PIN_TYPE_NR];
 	atomic_t			count;
 	struct bch_devs_list		devs;
 };
@@ -226,6 +226,7 @@ struct journal {
 	/* Used when waiting because the journal was full */
 	wait_queue_head_t	wait;
 	struct closure_waitlist	async_wait;
+	struct closure_waitlist	reclaim_flush_wait;
 
 	struct delayed_work	write_work;
 	struct workqueue_struct *wq;
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/movinggc.c b/fs/bcachefs/movinggc.c
index 85c361e78ba5..21805509ab9e 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/movinggc.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/movinggc.c
@@ -215,7 +215,8 @@ static int bch2_copygc(struct moving_context *ctxt,
 	};
 	move_buckets buckets = { 0 };
 	struct move_bucket_in_flight *f;
-	u64 moved = atomic64_read(&ctxt->stats->sectors_moved);
+	u64 sectors_seen	= atomic64_read(&ctxt->stats->sectors_seen);
+	u64 sectors_moved	= atomic64_read(&ctxt->stats->sectors_moved);
 	int ret = 0;
 
 	ret = bch2_copygc_get_buckets(ctxt, buckets_in_flight, &buckets);
@@ -245,7 +246,6 @@ static int bch2_copygc(struct moving_context *ctxt,
 		*did_work = true;
 	}
 err:
-	darray_exit(&buckets);
 
 	/* no entries in LRU btree found, or got to end: */
 	if (bch2_err_matches(ret, ENOENT))
@@ -254,8 +254,11 @@ static int bch2_copygc(struct moving_context *ctxt,
 	if (ret < 0 && !bch2_err_matches(ret, EROFS))
 		bch_err_msg(c, ret, "from bch2_move_data()");
 
-	moved = atomic64_read(&ctxt->stats->sectors_moved) - moved;
-	trace_and_count(c, copygc, c, moved, 0, 0, 0);
+	sectors_seen	= atomic64_read(&ctxt->stats->sectors_seen) - sectors_seen;
+	sectors_moved	= atomic64_read(&ctxt->stats->sectors_moved) - sectors_moved;
+	trace_and_count(c, copygc, c, buckets.nr, sectors_seen, sectors_moved);
+
+	darray_exit(&buckets);
 	return ret;
 }
 
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/opts.h b/fs/bcachefs/opts.h
index e763d52e0f38..a182b5d454ba 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/opts.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/opts.h
@@ -476,13 +476,13 @@ enum fsck_err_opts {
 	  NULL,		"Enable nocow mode: enables runtime locking in\n"\
 			"data move path needed if nocow will ever be in use\n")\
 	x(copygc_enabled,		u8,				\
-	  OPT_FS|OPT_MOUNT,						\
+	  OPT_FS|OPT_MOUNT|OPT_RUNTIME,					\
 	  OPT_BOOL(),							\
 	  BCH2_NO_SB_OPT,			true,			\
 	  NULL,		"Enable copygc: disable for debugging, or to\n"\
 			"quiet the system when doing performance testing\n")\
 	x(rebalance_enabled,		u8,				\
-	  OPT_FS|OPT_MOUNT,						\
+	  OPT_FS|OPT_MOUNT|OPT_RUNTIME,					\
 	  OPT_BOOL(),							\
 	  BCH2_NO_SB_OPT,			true,			\
 	  NULL,		"Enable rebalance: disable for debugging, or to\n"\
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/sb-errors_format.h b/fs/bcachefs/sb-errors_format.h
index 0b4fe899209b..ea0a18364751 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/sb-errors_format.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/sb-errors_format.h
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ enum bch_fsck_flags {
 	x(bset_wrong_sector_offset,				 44,	0)		\
 	x(bset_empty,						 45,	0)		\
 	x(bset_bad_seq,						 46,	0)		\
-	x(bset_blacklisted_journal_seq,				 47,	0)		\
+	x(bset_blacklisted_journal_seq,				 47,	FSCK_AUTOFIX)	\
 	x(first_bset_blacklisted_journal_seq,			 48,	FSCK_AUTOFIX)	\
 	x(btree_node_bad_btree,					 49,	0)		\
 	x(btree_node_bad_level,					 50,	0)		\
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/str_hash.c b/fs/bcachefs/str_hash.c
index 8c2c5539de2e..d78451c2a0c6 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/str_hash.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/str_hash.c
@@ -31,11 +31,11 @@ static int bch2_dirent_has_target(struct btree_trans *trans, struct bkey_s_c_dir
 	}
 }
 
-static int fsck_rename_dirent(struct btree_trans *trans,
-			      struct snapshots_seen *s,
-			      const struct bch_hash_desc desc,
-			      struct bch_hash_info *hash_info,
-			      struct bkey_s_c_dirent old)
+static noinline int fsck_rename_dirent(struct btree_trans *trans,
+				       struct snapshots_seen *s,
+				       const struct bch_hash_desc desc,
+				       struct bch_hash_info *hash_info,
+				       struct bkey_s_c_dirent old)
 {
 	struct qstr old_name = bch2_dirent_get_name(old);
 	struct bkey_i_dirent *new = bch2_trans_kmalloc(trans, bkey_bytes(old.k) + 32);
@@ -71,11 +71,11 @@ static int fsck_rename_dirent(struct btree_trans *trans,
 	return bch2_fsck_update_backpointers(trans, s, desc, hash_info, &new->k_i);
 }
 
-static int hash_pick_winner(struct btree_trans *trans,
-			    const struct bch_hash_desc desc,
-			    struct bch_hash_info *hash_info,
-			    struct bkey_s_c k1,
-			    struct bkey_s_c k2)
+static noinline int hash_pick_winner(struct btree_trans *trans,
+				     const struct bch_hash_desc desc,
+				     struct bch_hash_info *hash_info,
+				     struct bkey_s_c k1,
+				     struct bkey_s_c k2)
 {
 	if (bkey_val_bytes(k1.k) == bkey_val_bytes(k2.k) &&
 	    !memcmp(k1.v, k2.v, bkey_val_bytes(k1.k)))
@@ -142,8 +142,8 @@ static int repair_inode_hash_info(struct btree_trans *trans,
  * All versions of the same inode in different snapshots must have the same hash
  * seed/type: verify that the hash info we're using matches the root
  */
-static int check_inode_hash_info_matches_root(struct btree_trans *trans, u64 inum,
-					      struct bch_hash_info *hash_info)
+static noinline int check_inode_hash_info_matches_root(struct btree_trans *trans, u64 inum,
+						       struct bch_hash_info *hash_info)
 {
 	struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
 	struct btree_iter iter;
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/trace.h b/fs/bcachefs/trace.h
index 9d40b7d4ea29..56a5a7fbc0fd 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/trace.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/trace.h
@@ -902,32 +902,30 @@ TRACE_EVENT(evacuate_bucket,
 
 TRACE_EVENT(copygc,
 	TP_PROTO(struct bch_fs *c,
-		 u64 sectors_moved, u64 sectors_not_moved,
-		 u64 buckets_moved, u64 buckets_not_moved),
-	TP_ARGS(c,
-		sectors_moved, sectors_not_moved,
-		buckets_moved, buckets_not_moved),
+		 u64 buckets,
+		 u64 sectors_seen,
+		 u64 sectors_moved),
+	TP_ARGS(c, buckets, sectors_seen, sectors_moved),
 
 	TP_STRUCT__entry(
 		__field(dev_t,		dev			)
+		__field(u64,		buckets			)
+		__field(u64,		sectors_seen		)
 		__field(u64,		sectors_moved		)
-		__field(u64,		sectors_not_moved	)
-		__field(u64,		buckets_moved		)
-		__field(u64,		buckets_not_moved	)
 	),
 
 	TP_fast_assign(
 		__entry->dev			= c->dev;
+		__entry->buckets		= buckets;
+		__entry->sectors_seen		= sectors_seen;
 		__entry->sectors_moved		= sectors_moved;
-		__entry->sectors_not_moved	= sectors_not_moved;
-		__entry->buckets_moved		= buckets_moved;
-		__entry->buckets_not_moved = buckets_moved;
 	),
 
-	TP_printk("%d,%d sectors moved %llu remain %llu buckets moved %llu remain %llu",
+	TP_printk("%d,%d buckets %llu sectors seen %llu moved %llu",
 		  MAJOR(__entry->dev), MINOR(__entry->dev),
-		  __entry->sectors_moved, __entry->sectors_not_moved,
-		  __entry->buckets_moved, __entry->buckets_not_moved)
+		  __entry->buckets,
+		  __entry->sectors_seen,
+		  __entry->sectors_moved)
 );
 
 TRACE_EVENT(copygc_wait,