prctl: arch-agnostic prctl for shadow stack

Three architectures (x86, aarch64, riscv) have announced support for
shadow stacks with fairly similar functionality.  While x86 is using
arch_prctl() to control the functionality neither arm64 nor riscv uses
that interface so this patch adds arch-agnostic prctl() support to
get and set status of shadow stacks and lock the current configuation to
prevent further changes, with support for turning on and off individual
subfeatures so applications can limit their exposure to features that
they do not need.  The features are:

  - PR_SHADOW_STACK_ENABLE: Tracking and enforcement of shadow stacks,
    including allocation of a shadow stack if one is not already
    allocated.
  - PR_SHADOW_STACK_WRITE: Writes to specific addresses in the shadow
    stack.
  - PR_SHADOW_STACK_PUSH: Push additional values onto the shadow stack.

These features are expected to be inherited by new threads and cleared
on exec(), unknown features should be rejected for enable but accepted
for locking (in order to allow for future proofing).

This is based on a patch originally written by Deepak Gupta but modified
fairly heavily, support for indirect landing pads is removed, additional
modes added and the locking interface reworked.  The set status prctl()
is also reworked to just set flags, if setting/reading the shadow stack
pointer is required this could be a separate prctl.

Reviewed-by: Thiago Jung Bauermann <thiago.bauermann@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Acked-by: Yury Khrustalev <yury.khrustalev@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Deepak Gupta <debug@rivosinc.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241001-arm64-gcs-v13-4-222b78d87eee@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>

include/linux/mm.h

@@ -4221,4 +4221,8 @@ static inline void pgalloc_tag_copy(struct folio *new, struct folio *old)
 }
 #endif /* CONFIG_MEM_ALLOC_PROFILING */
 
+int arch_get_shadow_stack_status(struct task_struct *t, unsigned long __user *status);
+int arch_set_shadow_stack_status(struct task_struct *t, unsigned long status);
+int arch_lock_shadow_stack_status(struct task_struct *t, unsigned long status);
+
 #endif /* _LINUX_MM_H */

include/uapi/linux/prctl.h

@@ -328,4 +328,26 @@ struct prctl_mm_map {
 # define PR_PPC_DEXCR_CTRL_CLEAR_ONEXEC	0x10 /* Clear the aspect on exec */
 # define PR_PPC_DEXCR_CTRL_MASK		0x1f
 
+/*
+ * Get the current shadow stack configuration for the current thread,
+ * this will be the value configured via PR_SET_SHADOW_STACK_STATUS.
+ */
+#define PR_GET_SHADOW_STACK_STATUS      74
+
+/*
+ * Set the current shadow stack configuration.  Enabling the shadow
+ * stack will cause a shadow stack to be allocated for the thread.
+ */
+#define PR_SET_SHADOW_STACK_STATUS      75
+# define PR_SHADOW_STACK_ENABLE         (1UL << 0)
+# define PR_SHADOW_STACK_WRITE		(1UL << 1)
+# define PR_SHADOW_STACK_PUSH		(1UL << 2)
+
+/*
+ * Prevent further changes to the specified shadow stack
+ * configuration.  All bits may be locked via this call, including
+ * undefined bits.
+ */
+#define PR_LOCK_SHADOW_STACK_STATUS      76
+
 #endif /* _LINUX_PRCTL_H */

kernel/sys.c

@@ -2324,6 +2324,21 @@ int __weak arch_prctl_spec_ctrl_set(struct task_struct *t, unsigned long which,
 	return -EINVAL;
 }
 
+int __weak arch_get_shadow_stack_status(struct task_struct *t, unsigned long __user *status)
+{
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+int __weak arch_set_shadow_stack_status(struct task_struct *t, unsigned long status)
+{
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+int __weak arch_lock_shadow_stack_status(struct task_struct *t, unsigned long status)
+{
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+
 #define PR_IO_FLUSHER (PF_MEMALLOC_NOIO | PF_LOCAL_THROTTLE)
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_ANON_VMA_NAME
@@ -2784,6 +2799,21 @@ SYSCALL_DEFINE5(prctl, int, option, unsigned long, arg2, unsigned long, arg3,
 	case PR_RISCV_SET_ICACHE_FLUSH_CTX:
 		error = RISCV_SET_ICACHE_FLUSH_CTX(arg2, arg3);
 		break;
+	case PR_GET_SHADOW_STACK_STATUS:
+		if (arg3 || arg4 || arg5)
+			return -EINVAL;
+		error = arch_get_shadow_stack_status(me, (unsigned long __user *) arg2);
+		break;
+	case PR_SET_SHADOW_STACK_STATUS:
+		if (arg3 || arg4 || arg5)
+			return -EINVAL;
+		error = arch_set_shadow_stack_status(me, arg2);
+		break;
+	case PR_LOCK_SHADOW_STACK_STATUS:
+		if (arg3 || arg4 || arg5)
+			return -EINVAL;
+		error = arch_lock_shadow_stack_status(me, arg2);
+		break;
 	default:
 		error = -EINVAL;
 		break;