Check early that a new branch is new and valid

If you fail to update refs to change branches in checkout, your index
and working tree are left already updated. We don't have an easy way
to undo this, but at least we can check things that would make the
creation of a new branch fail. These checks were in the shell version,
and were lost in the C conversion.

The messages are from the shell version, and should probably be made nicer.

[jc: added test to t7201]

Signed-off-by: Daniel Barkalow <barkalow@iabervon.org>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

builtin-checkout.c

@@ -565,6 +565,18 @@ int cmd_checkout(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		return checkout_paths(source_tree, pathspec);
 	}
 
+	if (opts.new_branch) {
+		struct strbuf buf;
+		strbuf_init(&buf, 0);
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, "refs/heads/");
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, opts.new_branch);
+		if (!get_sha1(buf.buf, rev))
+			die("git checkout: branch %s already exists", opts.new_branch);
+		if (check_ref_format(buf.buf))
+			die("git checkout: we do not like '%s' as a branch name.", opts.new_branch);
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+	}
+
 	if (new.name && !new.commit) {
 		die("Cannot switch branch to a non-commit.");
 	}

t/t7201-co.sh

@@ -359,4 +359,14 @@ test_expect_success 'checkout an unmerged path should fail' '
 	test_cmp sample file
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'failing checkout -b should not break working tree' '
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/master &&
+	test_must_fail git checkout -b renamer side^ &&
+	test $(git symbolic-ref HEAD) = refs/heads/master &&
+	git diff --exit-code &&
+	git diff --cached --exit-code
+
+'
+
 test_done