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Anton Altaparmakov committed Oct 31, 2005
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122 changes: 122 additions & 0 deletions Documentation/RCU/torture.txt
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RCU Torture Test Operation


CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST

The CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST config option is available for all RCU
implementations. It creates an rcutorture kernel module that can
be loaded to run a torture test. The test periodically outputs
status messages via printk(), which can be examined via the dmesg
command (perhaps grepping for "rcutorture"). The test is started
when the module is loaded, and stops when the module is unloaded.

However, actually setting this config option to "y" results in the system
running the test immediately upon boot, and ending only when the system
is taken down. Normally, one will instead want to build the system
with CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST=m and to use modprobe and rmmod to control
the test, perhaps using a script similar to the one shown at the end of
this document. Note that you will need CONFIG_MODULE_UNLOAD in order
to be able to end the test.


MODULE PARAMETERS

This module has the following parameters:

nreaders This is the number of RCU reading threads supported.
The default is twice the number of CPUs. Why twice?
To properly exercise RCU implementations with preemptible
read-side critical sections.

stat_interval The number of seconds between output of torture
statistics (via printk()). Regardless of the interval,
statistics are printed when the module is unloaded.
Setting the interval to zero causes the statistics to
be printed -only- when the module is unloaded, and this
is the default.

verbose Enable debug printk()s. Default is disabled.


OUTPUT

The statistics output is as follows:

rcutorture: --- Start of test: nreaders=16 stat_interval=0 verbose=0
rcutorture: rtc: 0000000000000000 ver: 1916 tfle: 0 rta: 1916 rtaf: 0 rtf: 1915
rcutorture: Reader Pipe: 1466408 9747 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
rcutorture: Reader Batch: 1464477 11678 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
rcutorture: Free-Block Circulation: 1915 1915 1915 1915 1915 1915 1915 1915 1915 1915 0
rcutorture: --- End of test

The command "dmesg | grep rcutorture:" will extract this information on
most systems. On more esoteric configurations, it may be necessary to
use other commands to access the output of the printk()s used by
the RCU torture test. The printk()s use KERN_ALERT, so they should
be evident. ;-)

The entries are as follows:

o "ggp": The number of counter flips (or batches) since boot.

o "rtc": The hexadecimal address of the structure currently visible
to readers.

o "ver": The number of times since boot that the rcutw writer task
has changed the structure visible to readers.

o "tfle": If non-zero, indicates that the "torture freelist"
containing structure to be placed into the "rtc" area is empty.
This condition is important, since it can fool you into thinking
that RCU is working when it is not. :-/

o "rta": Number of structures allocated from the torture freelist.

o "rtaf": Number of allocations from the torture freelist that have
failed due to the list being empty.

o "rtf": Number of frees into the torture freelist.

o "Reader Pipe": Histogram of "ages" of structures seen by readers.
If any entries past the first two are non-zero, RCU is broken.
And rcutorture prints the error flag string "!!!" to make sure
you notice. The age of a newly allocated structure is zero,
it becomes one when removed from reader visibility, and is
incremented once per grace period subsequently -- and is freed
after passing through (RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN-2) grace periods.

The output displayed above was taken from a correctly working
RCU. If you want to see what it looks like when broken, break
it yourself. ;-)

o "Reader Batch": Another histogram of "ages" of structures seen
by readers, but in terms of counter flips (or batches) rather
than in terms of grace periods. The legal number of non-zero
entries is again two. The reason for this separate view is
that it is easier to get the third entry to show up in the
"Reader Batch" list than in the "Reader Pipe" list.

o "Free-Block Circulation": Shows the number of torture structures
that have reached a given point in the pipeline. The first element
should closely correspond to the number of structures allocated,
the second to the number that have been removed from reader view,
and all but the last remaining to the corresponding number of
passes through a grace period. The last entry should be zero,
as it is only incremented if a torture structure's counter
somehow gets incremented farther than it should.


USAGE

The following script may be used to torture RCU:

#!/bin/sh

modprobe rcutorture
sleep 100
rmmod rcutorture
dmesg | grep rcutorture:

The output can be manually inspected for the error flag of "!!!".
One could of course create a more elaborate script that automatically
checked for such errors.
2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion Documentation/cpusets.txt
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Expand Up @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ the available CPU and Memory resources amongst the requesting tasks.
But larger systems, which benefit more from careful processor and
memory placement to reduce memory access times and contention,
and which typically represent a larger investment for the customer,
can benefit from explictly placing jobs on properly sized subsets of
can benefit from explicitly placing jobs on properly sized subsets of
the system.

This can be especially valuable on:
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1 change: 1 addition & 0 deletions Documentation/firmware_class/firmware_sample_driver.c
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Expand Up @@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/string.h>

#include "linux/firmware.h"

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2 changes: 2 additions & 0 deletions Documentation/firmware_class/firmware_sample_firmware_class.c
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Expand Up @@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/timer.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/firmware.h>


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1 change: 1 addition & 0 deletions Documentation/i2c/writing-clients
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Expand Up @@ -273,6 +273,7 @@ For now, you can ignore the `flags' parameter. It is there for future use.
if (is_isa) {

/* Discard immediately if this ISA range is already used */
/* FIXME: never use check_region(), only request_region() */
if (check_region(address,FOO_EXTENT))
goto ERROR0;

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22 changes: 13 additions & 9 deletions Documentation/keys.txt
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Expand Up @@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ KEY ACCESS PERMISSIONS

Keys have an owner user ID, a group access ID, and a permissions mask. The mask
has up to eight bits each for possessor, user, group and other access. Only
five of each set of eight bits are defined. These permissions granted are:
six of each set of eight bits are defined. These permissions granted are:

(*) View

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -224,6 +224,10 @@ five of each set of eight bits are defined. These permissions granted are:
keyring to a key, a process must have Write permission on the keyring and
Link permission on the key.

(*) Set Attribute

This permits a key's UID, GID and permissions mask to be changed.

For changing the ownership, group ID or permissions mask, being the owner of
the key or having the sysadmin capability is sufficient.

Expand All @@ -242,15 +246,15 @@ about the status of the key service:
this way:

SERIAL FLAGS USAGE EXPY PERM UID GID TYPE DESCRIPTION: SUMMARY
00000001 I----- 39 perm 1f1f0000 0 0 keyring _uid_ses.0: 1/4
00000002 I----- 2 perm 1f1f0000 0 0 keyring _uid.0: empty
00000007 I----- 1 perm 1f1f0000 0 0 keyring _pid.1: empty
0000018d I----- 1 perm 1f1f0000 0 0 keyring _pid.412: empty
000004d2 I--Q-- 1 perm 1f1f0000 32 -1 keyring _uid.32: 1/4
000004d3 I--Q-- 3 perm 1f1f0000 32 -1 keyring _uid_ses.32: empty
00000001 I----- 39 perm 1f3f0000 0 0 keyring _uid_ses.0: 1/4
00000002 I----- 2 perm 1f3f0000 0 0 keyring _uid.0: empty
00000007 I----- 1 perm 1f3f0000 0 0 keyring _pid.1: empty
0000018d I----- 1 perm 1f3f0000 0 0 keyring _pid.412: empty
000004d2 I--Q-- 1 perm 1f3f0000 32 -1 keyring _uid.32: 1/4
000004d3 I--Q-- 3 perm 1f3f0000 32 -1 keyring _uid_ses.32: empty
00000892 I--QU- 1 perm 1f000000 0 0 user metal:copper: 0
00000893 I--Q-N 1 35s 1f1f0000 0 0 user metal:silver: 0
00000894 I--Q-- 1 10h 001f0000 0 0 user metal:gold: 0
00000893 I--Q-N 1 35s 1f3f0000 0 0 user metal:silver: 0
00000894 I--Q-- 1 10h 003f0000 0 0 user metal:gold: 0

The flags are:

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5 changes: 5 additions & 0 deletions MAINTAINERS
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Expand Up @@ -2286,6 +2286,11 @@ W: http://tpmdd.sourceforge.net
L: tpmdd-devel@lists.sourceforge.net
S: Maintained

Telecom Clock Driver for MCPL0010
P: Mark Gross
M: mark.gross@intel.com
S: Supported

TENSILICA XTENSA PORT (xtensa):
P: Chris Zankel
M: chris@zankel.net
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4 changes: 4 additions & 0 deletions README
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Expand Up @@ -54,6 +54,10 @@ INSTALLING the kernel:

gzip -cd linux-2.6.XX.tar.gz | tar xvf -

or
bzip2 -dc linux-2.6.XX.tar.bz2 | tar xvf -


Replace "XX" with the version number of the latest kernel.

Do NOT use the /usr/src/linux area! This area has a (usually
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4 changes: 0 additions & 4 deletions arch/alpha/kernel/time.c
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Expand Up @@ -55,10 +55,6 @@
#include "proto.h"
#include "irq_impl.h"

u64 jiffies_64 = INITIAL_JIFFIES;

EXPORT_SYMBOL(jiffies_64);

extern unsigned long wall_jiffies; /* kernel/timer.c */

static int set_rtc_mmss(unsigned long);
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2 changes: 2 additions & 0 deletions arch/arm/common/amba.c
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Expand Up @@ -10,6 +10,8 @@
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>

#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
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