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Benjamin Herrenschmidt
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refs/heads/master: 66c6b856d8738278a4a6e558d25c90e9950aa112 | ||
refs/heads/master: fd0cca754f3f6756bfdafe500e4f49b1b9e9723f |
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What: /sys/class/mtd/ | ||
Date: April 2009 | ||
KernelVersion: 2.6.29 | ||
Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org | ||
Description: | ||
The mtd/ class subdirectory belongs to the MTD subsystem | ||
(MTD core). | ||
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||
What: /sys/class/mtd/mtdX/ | ||
Date: April 2009 | ||
KernelVersion: 2.6.29 | ||
Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org | ||
Description: | ||
The /sys/class/mtd/mtd{0,1,2,3,...} directories correspond | ||
to each /dev/mtdX character device. These may represent | ||
physical/simulated flash devices, partitions on a flash | ||
device, or concatenated flash devices. They exist regardless | ||
of whether CONFIG_MTD_CHAR is actually enabled. | ||
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What: /sys/class/mtd/mtdXro/ | ||
Date: April 2009 | ||
KernelVersion: 2.6.29 | ||
Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org | ||
Description: | ||
These directories provide the corresponding read-only device | ||
nodes for /sys/class/mtd/mtdX/ . They are only created | ||
(for the benefit of udev) if CONFIG_MTD_CHAR is enabled. | ||
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What: /sys/class/mtd/mtdX/dev | ||
Date: April 2009 | ||
KernelVersion: 2.6.29 | ||
Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org | ||
Description: | ||
Major and minor numbers of the character device corresponding | ||
to this MTD device (in <major>:<minor> format). This is the | ||
read-write device so <minor> will be even. | ||
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What: /sys/class/mtd/mtdXro/dev | ||
Date: April 2009 | ||
KernelVersion: 2.6.29 | ||
Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org | ||
Description: | ||
Major and minor numbers of the character device corresponding | ||
to the read-only variant of thie MTD device (in | ||
<major>:<minor> format). In this case <minor> will be odd. | ||
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What: /sys/class/mtd/mtdX/erasesize | ||
Date: April 2009 | ||
KernelVersion: 2.6.29 | ||
Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org | ||
Description: | ||
"Major" erase size for the device. If numeraseregions is | ||
zero, this is the eraseblock size for the entire device. | ||
Otherwise, the MEMGETREGIONCOUNT/MEMGETREGIONINFO ioctls | ||
can be used to determine the actual eraseblock layout. | ||
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What: /sys/class/mtd/mtdX/flags | ||
Date: April 2009 | ||
KernelVersion: 2.6.29 | ||
Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org | ||
Description: | ||
A hexadecimal value representing the device flags, ORed | ||
together: | ||
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0x0400: MTD_WRITEABLE - device is writable | ||
0x0800: MTD_BIT_WRITEABLE - single bits can be flipped | ||
0x1000: MTD_NO_ERASE - no erase necessary | ||
0x2000: MTD_POWERUP_LOCK - always locked after reset | ||
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What: /sys/class/mtd/mtdX/name | ||
Date: April 2009 | ||
KernelVersion: 2.6.29 | ||
Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org | ||
Description: | ||
A human-readable ASCII name for the device or partition. | ||
This will match the name in /proc/mtd . | ||
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What: /sys/class/mtd/mtdX/numeraseregions | ||
Date: April 2009 | ||
KernelVersion: 2.6.29 | ||
Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org | ||
Description: | ||
For devices that have variable eraseblock sizes, this | ||
provides the total number of erase regions. Otherwise, | ||
it will read back as zero. | ||
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What: /sys/class/mtd/mtdX/oobsize | ||
Date: April 2009 | ||
KernelVersion: 2.6.29 | ||
Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org | ||
Description: | ||
Number of OOB bytes per page. | ||
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What: /sys/class/mtd/mtdX/size | ||
Date: April 2009 | ||
KernelVersion: 2.6.29 | ||
Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org | ||
Description: | ||
Total size of the device/partition, in bytes. | ||
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What: /sys/class/mtd/mtdX/type | ||
Date: April 2009 | ||
KernelVersion: 2.6.29 | ||
Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org | ||
Description: | ||
One of the following ASCII strings, representing the device | ||
type: | ||
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absent, ram, rom, nor, nand, dataflash, ubi, unknown | ||
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What: /sys/class/mtd/mtdX/writesize | ||
Date: April 2009 | ||
KernelVersion: 2.6.29 | ||
Contact: linux-mtd@lists.infradead.org | ||
Description: | ||
Minimal writable flash unit size. This will always be | ||
a positive integer. | ||
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In the case of NOR flash it is 1 (even though individual | ||
bits can be cleared). | ||
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In the case of NAND flash it is one NAND page (or a | ||
half page, or a quarter page). | ||
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In the case of ECC NOR, it is the ECC block size. |
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What: /sys/class/pps/ | ||
Date: February 2008 | ||
Contact: Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it> | ||
Description: | ||
The /sys/class/pps/ directory will contain files and | ||
directories that will provide a unified interface to | ||
the PPS sources. | ||
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||
What: /sys/class/pps/ppsX/ | ||
Date: February 2008 | ||
Contact: Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it> | ||
Description: | ||
The /sys/class/pps/ppsX/ directory is related to X-th | ||
PPS source into the system. Each directory will | ||
contain files to manage and control its PPS source. | ||
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||
What: /sys/class/pps/ppsX/assert | ||
Date: February 2008 | ||
Contact: Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it> | ||
Description: | ||
The /sys/class/pps/ppsX/assert file reports the assert events | ||
and the assert sequence number of the X-th source in the form: | ||
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<secs>.<nsec>#<sequence> | ||
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If the source has no assert events the content of this file | ||
is empty. | ||
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What: /sys/class/pps/ppsX/clear | ||
Date: February 2008 | ||
Contact: Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it> | ||
Description: | ||
The /sys/class/pps/ppsX/clear file reports the clear events | ||
and the clear sequence number of the X-th source in the form: | ||
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<secs>.<nsec>#<sequence> | ||
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If the source has no clear events the content of this file | ||
is empty. | ||
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What: /sys/class/pps/ppsX/mode | ||
Date: February 2008 | ||
Contact: Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it> | ||
Description: | ||
The /sys/class/pps/ppsX/mode file reports the functioning | ||
mode of the X-th source in hexadecimal encoding. | ||
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Please, refer to linux/include/linux/pps.h for further | ||
info. | ||
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What: /sys/class/pps/ppsX/echo | ||
Date: February 2008 | ||
Contact: Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it> | ||
Description: | ||
The /sys/class/pps/ppsX/echo file reports if the X-th does | ||
or does not support an "echo" function. | ||
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What: /sys/class/pps/ppsX/name | ||
Date: February 2008 | ||
Contact: Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it> | ||
Description: | ||
The /sys/class/pps/ppsX/name file reports the name of the | ||
X-th source. | ||
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What: /sys/class/pps/ppsX/path | ||
Date: February 2008 | ||
Contact: Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it> | ||
Description: | ||
The /sys/class/pps/ppsX/path file reports the path name of | ||
the device connected with the X-th source. | ||
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||
If the source is not connected with any device the content | ||
of this file is empty. |
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Device-Mapper Logging | ||
===================== | ||
The device-mapper logging code is used by some of the device-mapper | ||
RAID targets to track regions of the disk that are not consistent. | ||
A region (or portion of the address space) of the disk may be | ||
inconsistent because a RAID stripe is currently being operated on or | ||
a machine died while the region was being altered. In the case of | ||
mirrors, a region would be considered dirty/inconsistent while you | ||
are writing to it because the writes need to be replicated for all | ||
the legs of the mirror and may not reach the legs at the same time. | ||
Once all writes are complete, the region is considered clean again. | ||
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||
There is a generic logging interface that the device-mapper RAID | ||
implementations use to perform logging operations (see | ||
dm_dirty_log_type in include/linux/dm-dirty-log.h). Various different | ||
logging implementations are available and provide different | ||
capabilities. The list includes: | ||
|
||
Type Files | ||
==== ===== | ||
disk drivers/md/dm-log.c | ||
core drivers/md/dm-log.c | ||
userspace drivers/md/dm-log-userspace* include/linux/dm-log-userspace.h | ||
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The "disk" log type | ||
------------------- | ||
This log implementation commits the log state to disk. This way, the | ||
logging state survives reboots/crashes. | ||
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The "core" log type | ||
------------------- | ||
This log implementation keeps the log state in memory. The log state | ||
will not survive a reboot or crash, but there may be a small boost in | ||
performance. This method can also be used if no storage device is | ||
available for storing log state. | ||
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The "userspace" log type | ||
------------------------ | ||
This log type simply provides a way to export the log API to userspace, | ||
so log implementations can be done there. This is done by forwarding most | ||
logging requests to userspace, where a daemon receives and processes the | ||
request. | ||
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The structure used for communication between kernel and userspace are | ||
located in include/linux/dm-log-userspace.h. Due to the frequency, | ||
diversity, and 2-way communication nature of the exchanges between | ||
kernel and userspace, 'connector' is used as the interface for | ||
communication. | ||
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There are currently two userspace log implementations that leverage this | ||
framework - "clustered_disk" and "clustered_core". These implementations | ||
provide a cluster-coherent log for shared-storage. Device-mapper mirroring | ||
can be used in a shared-storage environment when the cluster log implementations | ||
are employed. |
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