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Linus Torvalds committed Mar 23, 2006
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion [refs]
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---
refs/heads/master: 4d74f423c722b8cadfabe087369200013b217b67
refs/heads/master: debf798b1ed82053689d900670eb27fb2f1b4bd3
1 change: 1 addition & 0 deletions trunk/.gitignore
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Expand Up @@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
#
# Top-level generic files
#
tags
vmlinux*
System.map
Module.symvers
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113 changes: 113 additions & 0 deletions trunk/Documentation/BUG-HUNTING
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Table of contents
=================

Last updated: 20 December 2005

Contents
========

- Introduction
- Devices not appearing
- Finding patch that caused a bug
-- Finding using git-bisect
-- Finding it the old way
- Fixing the bug

Introduction
============

Always try the latest kernel from kernel.org and build from source. If you are
not confident in doing that please report the bug to your distribution vendor
instead of to a kernel developer.

Finding bugs is not always easy. Have a go though. If you can't find it don't
give up. Report as much as you have found to the relevant maintainer. See
MAINTAINERS for who that is for the subsystem you have worked on.

Before you submit a bug report read REPORTING-BUGS.

Devices not appearing
=====================

Often this is caused by udev. Check that first before blaming it on the
kernel.

Finding patch that caused a bug
===============================



Finding using git-bisect
------------------------

Using the provided tools with git makes finding bugs easy provided the bug is
reproducible.

Steps to do it:
- start using git for the kernel source
- read the man page for git-bisect
- have fun

Finding it the old way
----------------------

[Sat Mar 2 10:32:33 PST 1996 KERNEL_BUG-HOWTO lm@sgi.com (Larry McVoy)]

This is how to track down a bug if you know nothing about kernel hacking.
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -90,3 +143,63 @@ it does work and it lets non-hackers help fix bugs. And it is cool
because Linux snapshots will let you do this - something that you can't
do with vendor supplied releases.

Fixing the bug
==============

Nobody is going to tell you how to fix bugs. Seriously. You need to work it
out. But below are some hints on how to use the tools.

To debug a kernel, use objdump and look for the hex offset from the crash
output to find the valid line of code/assembler. Without debug symbols, you
will see the assembler code for the routine shown, but if your kernel has
debug symbols the C code will also be available. (Debug symbols can be enabled
in the kernel hacking menu of the menu configuration.) For example:

objdump -r -S -l --disassemble net/dccp/ipv4.o

NB.: you need to be at the top level of the kernel tree for this to pick up
your C files.

If you don't have access to the code you can also debug on some crash dumps
e.g. crash dump output as shown by Dave Miller.

> EIP is at ip_queue_xmit+0x14/0x4c0
> ...
> Code: 44 24 04 e8 6f 05 00 00 e9 e8 fe ff ff 8d 76 00 8d bc 27 00 00
> 00 00 55 57 56 53 81 ec bc 00 00 00 8b ac 24 d0 00 00 00 8b 5d 08
> <8b> 83 3c 01 00 00 89 44 24 14 8b 45 28 85 c0 89 44 24 18 0f 85
>
> Put the bytes into a "foo.s" file like this:
>
> .text
> .globl foo
> foo:
> .byte .... /* bytes from Code: part of OOPS dump */
>
> Compile it with "gcc -c -o foo.o foo.s" then look at the output of
> "objdump --disassemble foo.o".
>
> Output:
>
> ip_queue_xmit:
> push %ebp
> push %edi
> push %esi
> push %ebx
> sub $0xbc, %esp
> mov 0xd0(%esp), %ebp ! %ebp = arg0 (skb)
> mov 0x8(%ebp), %ebx ! %ebx = skb->sk
> mov 0x13c(%ebx), %eax ! %eax = inet_sk(sk)->opt

Another very useful option of the Kernel Hacking section in menuconfig is
Debug memory allocations. This will help you see whether data has been
initialised and not set before use etc. To see the values that get assigned
with this look at mm/slab.c and search for POISON_INUSE. When using this an
Oops will often show the poisoned data instead of zero which is the default.

Once you have worked out a fix please submit it upstream. After all open
source is about sharing what you do and don't you want to be recognised for
your genius?

Please do read Documentation/SubmittingPatches though to help your code get
accepted.
42 changes: 41 additions & 1 deletion trunk/Documentation/arm/Samsung-S3C24XX/Overview.txt
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Expand Up @@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ Introduction
by the 's3c2410' architecture of ARM Linux. Currently the S3C2410 and
the S3C2440 are supported CPUs.

Support for the S3C2400 series is in progress.


Configuration
-------------
Expand All @@ -32,6 +34,11 @@ Machines
A general purpose development board, see EB2410ITX.txt for further
details

Simtec Electronics IM2440D20 (Osiris)

CPU Module from Simtec Electronics, with a S3C2440A CPU, nand flash
and a PCMCIA controller.

Samsung SMDK2410

Samsung's own development board, geared for PDA work.
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -85,6 +92,26 @@ Adding New Machines
mailing list information.


I2C
---

The hardware I2C core in the CPU is supported in single master
mode, and can be configured via platform data.


RTC
---

Support for the onboard RTC unit, including alarm function.


Watchdog
--------

The onchip watchdog is available via the standard watchdog
interface.


NAND
----

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -121,6 +148,15 @@ Clock Management
various clock units


Suspend to RAM
--------------

For boards that provide support for suspend to RAM, the
system can be placed into low power suspend.

See Suspend.txt for more information.


Platform Data
-------------

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -158,6 +194,7 @@ Platform Data
exported outside arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/, or exported to
modules via EXPORT_SYMBOL() and related functions.


Port Contributors
-----------------

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -188,8 +225,11 @@ Document Changes
08 Mar 2005 - BJD - Added LCVR to list of people, updated introduction
08 Mar 2005 - BJD - Added section on adding machines
09 Sep 2005 - BJD - Added section on platform data
11 Feb 2006 - BJD - Added I2C, RTC and Watchdog sections
11 Feb 2006 - BJD - Added Osiris machine, and S3C2400 information


Document Author
---------------

Ben Dooks, (c) 2004-2005 Simtec Electronics
Ben Dooks, (c) 2004-2005,2006 Simtec Electronics
2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion trunk/Documentation/dvb/get_dvb_firmware
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Expand Up @@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ sub vp7041 {
}

sub dibusb {
my $url = "http://www.linuxtv.org/downloads/firmware/dvb-dibusb-5.0.0.11.fw";
my $url = "http://www.linuxtv.org/downloads/firmware/dvb-usb-dibusb-5.0.0.11.fw";
my $outfile = "dvb-dibusb-5.0.0.11.fw";
my $hash = "fa490295a527360ca16dcdf3224ca243";

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4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions trunk/Documentation/filesystems/isofs.txt
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Expand Up @@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ when using discs encoded using Microsoft's Joliet extensions.
iocharset=name Character set to use for converting from Unicode to
ASCII. Joliet filenames are stored in Unicode format, but
Unix for the most part doesn't know how to deal with Unicode.
There is also an option of doing UTF8 translations with the
There is also an option of doing UTF-8 translations with the
utf8 option.
utf8 Encode Unicode names in UTF8 format. Default is no.
utf8 Encode Unicode names in UTF-8 format. Default is no.

Mount options unique to the isofs filesystem.
block=512 Set the block size for the disk to 512 bytes
Expand Down
2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion trunk/Documentation/filesystems/jfs.txt
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Expand Up @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ The following mount options are supported:

iocharset=name Character set to use for converting from Unicode to
ASCII. The default is to do no conversion. Use
iocharset=utf8 for UTF8 translations. This requires
iocharset=utf8 for UTF-8 translations. This requires
CONFIG_NLS_UTF8 to be set in the kernel .config file.
iocharset=none specifies the default behavior explicitly.

Expand Down
6 changes: 3 additions & 3 deletions trunk/Documentation/filesystems/vfat.txt
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Expand Up @@ -28,16 +28,16 @@ iocharset=name -- Character set to use for converting between the
know how to deal with Unicode.
By default, FAT_DEFAULT_IOCHARSET setting is used.

There is also an option of doing UTF8 translations
There is also an option of doing UTF-8 translations
with the utf8 option.

NOTE: "iocharset=utf8" is not recommended. If unsure,
you should consider the following option instead.

utf8=<bool> -- UTF8 is the filesystem safe version of Unicode that
utf8=<bool> -- UTF-8 is the filesystem safe version of Unicode that
is used by the console. It can be be enabled for the
filesystem with this option. If 'uni_xlate' gets set,
UTF8 gets disabled.
UTF-8 gets disabled.

uni_xlate=<bool> -- Translate unhandled Unicode characters to special
escaped sequences. This would let you backup and
Expand Down
11 changes: 10 additions & 1 deletion trunk/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt
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Expand Up @@ -1008,7 +1008,9 @@ running once the system is up.
noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
noexec=off: disable nn-executable mappings

nofxsr [BUGS=IA-32]
nofxsr [BUGS=IA-32] Disables x86 floating point extended
register save and restore. The kernel will only save
legacy floating-point registers on task switch.

nohlt [BUGS=ARM]

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1053,6 +1055,8 @@ running once the system is up.

nosbagart [IA-64]

nosep [BUGS=IA-32] Disables x86 SYSENTER/SYSEXIT support.

nosmp [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel.

nosync [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1122,6 +1126,11 @@ running once the system is up.
pas16= [HW,SCSI]
See header of drivers/scsi/pas16.c.

pause_on_oops=
Halt all CPUs after the first oops has been printed for
the specified number of seconds. This is to be used if
your oopses keep scrolling off the screen.

pcbit= [HW,ISDN]

pcd. [PARIDE]
Expand Down
51 changes: 44 additions & 7 deletions trunk/Documentation/power/swsusp.txt
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Expand Up @@ -17,6 +17,11 @@ Some warnings, first.
* but it will probably only crash.
*
* (*) suspend/resume support is needed to make it safe.
*
* If you have any filesystems on USB devices mounted before suspend,
* they won't be accessible after resume and you may lose data, as though
* you have unplugged the USB devices with mounted filesystems on them
* (see the FAQ below for details).

You need to append resume=/dev/your_swap_partition to kernel command
line. Then you suspend by
Expand All @@ -27,19 +32,18 @@ echo shutdown > /sys/power/disk; echo disk > /sys/power/state

echo platform > /sys/power/disk; echo disk > /sys/power/state

. If you have SATA disks, you'll need recent kernels with SATA suspend
support. For suspend and resume to work, make sure your disk drivers
are built into kernel -- not modules. [There's way to make
suspend/resume with modular disk drivers, see FAQ, but you probably
should not do that.]

If you want to limit the suspend image size to N bytes, do

echo N > /sys/power/image_size

before suspend (it is limited to 500 MB by default).

Encrypted suspend image:
------------------------
If you want to store your suspend image encrypted with a temporary
key to prevent data gathering after resume you must compile
crypto and the aes algorithm into the kernel - modules won't work
as they cannot be loaded at resume time.


Article about goals and implementation of Software Suspend for Linux
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -333,4 +337,37 @@ init=/bin/bash, then swapon and starting suspend sequence manually
usually does the trick. Then it is good idea to try with latest
vanilla kernel.

Q: How can distributions ship a swsusp-supporting kernel with modular
disk drivers (especially SATA)?

A: Well, it can be done, load the drivers, then do echo into
/sys/power/disk/resume file from initrd. Be sure not to mount
anything, not even read-only mount, or you are going to lose your
data.

Q: How do I make suspend more verbose?

A: If you want to see any non-error kernel messages on the virtual
terminal the kernel switches to during suspend, you have to set the
kernel console loglevel to at least 5, for example by doing

echo 5 > /proc/sys/kernel/printk

Q: Is this true that if I have a mounted filesystem on a USB device and
I suspend to disk, I can lose data unless the filesystem has been mounted
with "sync"?

A: That's right. It depends on your hardware, and it could be true even for
suspend-to-RAM. In fact, even with "-o sync" you can lose data if your
programs have information in buffers they haven't written out to disk.

If you're lucky, your hardware will support low-power modes for USB
controllers while the system is asleep. Lots of hardware doesn't,
however. Shutting off the power to a USB controller is equivalent to
unplugging all the attached devices.

Remember that it's always a bad idea to unplug a disk drive containing a
mounted filesystem. With USB that's true even when your system is asleep!
The safest thing is to unmount all USB-based filesystems before suspending
and remount them after resuming.

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