---

yaml
---
r: 271347
b: refs/heads/master
c: 6488867
h: refs/heads/master
i:
  271345: 1c1d365
  271343: 4dde5a8
v: v3

[refs]

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 ---
-refs/heads/master: 4ce36bbb0497bdd3d6b8682175e5c58745b7acdd
+refs/heads/master: 6488867c0525c9189f2f0d18e9009529b4732782

trunk/Documentation/PCI/MSI-HOWTO.txt

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ arrived in memory (this becomes more likely with devices behind PCI-PCI
 bridges).  In order to ensure that all the data has arrived in memory,
 the interrupt handler must read a register on the device which raised
 the interrupt.  PCI transaction ordering rules require that all the data
-arrives in memory before the value can be returned from the register.
+arrive in memory before the value may be returned from the register.
 Using MSIs avoids this problem as the interrupt-generating write cannot
 pass the data writes, so by the time the interrupt is raised, the driver
 knows that all the data has arrived in memory.
@@ -86,13 +86,13 @@ device.
 
 int pci_enable_msi(struct pci_dev *dev)
 
-A successful call will allocate ONE interrupt to the device, regardless
-of how many MSIs the device supports.  The device will be switched from
+A successful call allocates ONE interrupt to the device, regardless
+of how many MSIs the device supports.  The device is switched from
 pin-based interrupt mode to MSI mode.  The dev->irq number is changed
-to a new number which represents the message signaled interrupt.
-This function should be called before the driver calls request_irq()
-since enabling MSIs disables the pin-based IRQ and the driver will not
-receive interrupts on the old interrupt.
+to a new number which represents the message signaled interrupt;
+consequently, this function should be called before the driver calls
+request_irq(), because an MSI is delivered via a vector that is
+different from the vector of a pin-based interrupt.
 
 4.2.2 pci_enable_msi_block
 
@@ -111,20 +111,20 @@ the device are in the range dev->irq to dev->irq + count - 1.
 
 If this function returns a negative number, it indicates an error and
 the driver should not attempt to request any more MSI interrupts for
-this device.  If this function returns a positive number, it will be
-less than 'count' and indicate the number of interrupts that could have
-been allocated.  In neither case will the irq value have been
-updated, nor will the device have been switched into MSI mode.
+this device.  If this function returns a positive number, it is
+less than 'count' and indicates the number of interrupts that could have
+been allocated.  In neither case is the irq value updated or the device
+switched into MSI mode.
 
 The device driver must decide what action to take if
-pci_enable_msi_block() returns a value less than the number asked for.
-Some devices can make use of fewer interrupts than the maximum they
-request; in this case the driver should call pci_enable_msi_block()
+pci_enable_msi_block() returns a value less than the number requested.
+For instance, the driver could still make use of fewer interrupts;
+in this case the driver should call pci_enable_msi_block()
 again.  Note that it is not guaranteed to succeed, even when the
 'count' has been reduced to the value returned from a previous call to
 pci_enable_msi_block().  This is because there are multiple constraints
 on the number of vectors that can be allocated; pci_enable_msi_block()
-will return as soon as it finds any constraint that doesn't allow the
+returns as soon as it finds any constraint that doesn't allow the
 call to succeed.
 
 4.2.3 pci_disable_msi
@@ -137,10 +137,10 @@ interrupt number and frees the previously allocated message signaled
 interrupt(s).  The interrupt may subsequently be assigned to another
 device, so drivers should not cache the value of dev->irq.
 
-A device driver must always call free_irq() on the interrupt(s)
-for which it has called request_irq() before calling this function.
-Failure to do so will result in a BUG_ON(), the device will be left with
-MSI enabled and will leak its vector.
+Before calling this function, a device driver must always call free_irq()
+on any interrupt for which it previously called request_irq().
+Failure to do so results in a BUG_ON(), leaving the device with
+MSI enabled and thus leaking its vector.
 
 4.3 Using MSI-X
 
@@ -155,10 +155,10 @@ struct msix_entry {
 };
 
 This allows for the device to use these interrupts in a sparse fashion;
-for example it could use interrupts 3 and 1027 and allocate only a
+for example, it could use interrupts 3 and 1027 and yet allocate only a
 two-element array.  The driver is expected to fill in the 'entry' value
-in each element of the array to indicate which entries it wants the kernel
-to assign interrupts for.  It is invalid to fill in two entries with the
+in each element of the array to indicate for which entries the kernel
+should assign interrupts; it is invalid to fill in two entries with the
 same number.
 
 4.3.1 pci_enable_msix
@@ -168,10 +168,11 @@ int pci_enable_msix(struct pci_dev *dev, struct msix_entry *entries, int nvec)
 Calling this function asks the PCI subsystem to allocate 'nvec' MSIs.
 The 'entries' argument is a pointer to an array of msix_entry structs
 which should be at least 'nvec' entries in size.  On success, the
-function will return 0 and the device will have been switched into
-MSI-X interrupt mode.  The 'vector' elements in each entry will have
-been filled in with the interrupt number.  The driver should then call
-request_irq() for each 'vector' that it decides to use.
+device is switched into MSI-X mode and the function returns 0.
+The 'vector' member in each entry is populated with the interrupt number;
+the driver should then call request_irq() for each 'vector' that it
+decides to use.  The device driver is responsible for keeping track of the
+interrupts assigned to the MSI-X vectors so it can free them again later.
 
 If this function returns a negative number, it indicates an error and
 the driver should not attempt to allocate any more MSI-X interrupts for
@@ -181,16 +182,14 @@ below.
 
 This function, in contrast with pci_enable_msi(), does not adjust
 dev->irq.  The device will not generate interrupts for this interrupt
-number once MSI-X is enabled.  The device driver is responsible for
-keeping track of the interrupts assigned to the MSI-X vectors so it can
-free them again later.
+number once MSI-X is enabled.
 
 Device drivers should normally call this function once per device
 during the initialization phase.
 
-It is ideal if drivers can cope with a variable number of MSI-X interrupts,
+It is ideal if drivers can cope with a variable number of MSI-X interrupts;
 there are many reasons why the platform may not be able to provide the
-exact number a driver asks for.
+exact number that a driver asks for.
 
 A request loop to achieve that might look like:
 
@@ -212,15 +211,15 @@ static int foo_driver_enable_msix(struct foo_adapter *adapter, int nvec)
 
 void pci_disable_msix(struct pci_dev *dev)
 
-This API should be used to undo the effect of pci_enable_msix().  It frees
+This function should be used to undo the effect of pci_enable_msix().  It frees
 the previously allocated message signaled interrupts.  The interrupts may
 subsequently be assigned to another device, so drivers should not cache
 the value of the 'vector' elements over a call to pci_disable_msix().
 
-A device driver must always call free_irq() on the interrupt(s)
-for which it has called request_irq() before calling this function.
-Failure to do so will result in a BUG_ON(), the device will be left with
-MSI enabled and will leak its vector.
+Before calling this function, a device driver must always call free_irq()
+on any interrupt for which it previously called request_irq().
+Failure to do so results in a BUG_ON(), leaving the device with
+MSI-X enabled and thus leaking its vector.
 
 4.3.3 The MSI-X Table
 
@@ -232,10 +231,10 @@ mask or unmask an interrupt, it should call disable_irq() / enable_irq().
 4.4 Handling devices implementing both MSI and MSI-X capabilities
 
 If a device implements both MSI and MSI-X capabilities, it can
-run in either MSI mode or MSI-X mode but not both simultaneously.
+run in either MSI mode or MSI-X mode, but not both simultaneously.
 This is a requirement of the PCI spec, and it is enforced by the
 PCI layer.  Calling pci_enable_msi() when MSI-X is already enabled or
-pci_enable_msix() when MSI is already enabled will result in an error.
+pci_enable_msix() when MSI is already enabled results in an error.
 If a device driver wishes to switch between MSI and MSI-X at runtime,
 it must first quiesce the device, then switch it back to pin-interrupt
 mode, before calling pci_enable_msi() or pci_enable_msix() and resuming
@@ -251,7 +250,7 @@ the MSI-X facilities in preference to the MSI facilities.  As mentioned
 above, MSI-X supports any number of interrupts between 1 and 2048.
 In constrast, MSI is restricted to a maximum of 32 interrupts (and
 must be a power of two).  In addition, the MSI interrupt vectors must
-be allocated consecutively, so the system may not be able to allocate
+be allocated consecutively, so the system might not be able to allocate
 as many vectors for MSI as it could for MSI-X.  On some platforms, MSI
 interrupts must all be targeted at the same set of CPUs whereas MSI-X
 interrupts can all be targeted at different CPUs.
@@ -281,7 +280,7 @@ disabled to enabled and back again.
 
 Using 'lspci -v' (as root) may show some devices with "MSI", "Message
 Signalled Interrupts" or "MSI-X" capabilities.  Each of these capabilities
-has an 'Enable' flag which will be followed with either "+" (enabled)
+has an 'Enable' flag which is followed with either "+" (enabled)
 or "-" (disabled).
 
 
@@ -298,7 +297,7 @@ The PCI stack provides three ways to disable MSIs:
 
 Some host chipsets simply don't support MSIs properly.  If we're
 lucky, the manufacturer knows this and has indicated it in the ACPI
-FADT table.  In this case, Linux will automatically disable MSIs.
+FADT table.  In this case, Linux automatically disables MSIs.
 Some boards don't include this information in the table and so we have
 to detect them ourselves.  The complete list of these is found near the
 quirk_disable_all_msi() function in drivers/pci/quirks.c.
@@ -317,7 +316,7 @@ Some bridges allow you to enable MSIs by changing some bits in their
 PCI configuration space (especially the Hypertransport chipsets such
 as the nVidia nForce and Serverworks HT2000).  As with host chipsets,
 Linux mostly knows about them and automatically enables MSIs if it can.
-If you have a bridge which Linux doesn't yet know about, you can enable
+If you have a bridge unknown to Linux, you can enable
 MSIs in configuration space using whatever method you know works, then
 enable MSIs on that bridge by doing:
 
@@ -327,7 +326,7 @@ where $bridge is the PCI address of the bridge you've enabled (eg
 0000:00:0e.0).
 
 To disable MSIs, echo 0 instead of 1.  Changing this value should be
-done with caution as it can break interrupt handling for all devices
+done with caution as it could break interrupt handling for all devices
 below this bridge.
 
 Again, please notify linux-pci@vger.kernel.org of any bridges that need
@@ -336,7 +335,7 @@ special handling.
 5.3. Disabling MSIs on a single device
 
 Some devices are known to have faulty MSI implementations.  Usually this
-is handled in the individual device driver but occasionally it's necessary
+is handled in the individual device driver, but occasionally it's necessary
 to handle this with a quirk.  Some drivers have an option to disable use
 of MSI.  While this is a convenient workaround for the driver author,
 it is not good practise, and should not be emulated.
@@ -350,7 +349,7 @@ for your machine.  You should also check your .config to be sure you
 have enabled CONFIG_PCI_MSI.
 
 Then, 'lspci -t' gives the list of bridges above a device.  Reading
-/sys/bus/pci/devices/*/msi_bus will tell you whether MSI are enabled (1)
+/sys/bus/pci/devices/*/msi_bus will tell you whether MSIs are enabled (1)
 or disabled (0).  If 0 is found in any of the msi_bus files belonging
 to bridges between the PCI root and the device, MSIs are disabled.
 

trunk/Documentation/block/cfq-iosched.txt

@@ -43,3 +43,74 @@ If one sets slice_idle=0 and if storage supports NCQ, CFQ internally switches
 to IOPS mode and starts providing fairness in terms of number of requests
 dispatched. Note that this mode switching takes effect only for group
 scheduling. For non-cgroup users nothing should change.
+
+CFQ IO scheduler Idling Theory
+===============================
+Idling on a queue is primarily about waiting for the next request to come
+on same queue after completion of a request. In this process CFQ will not
+dispatch requests from other cfq queues even if requests are pending there.
+
+The rationale behind idling is that it can cut down on number of seeks
+on rotational media. For example, if a process is doing dependent
+sequential reads (next read will come on only after completion of previous
+one), then not dispatching request from other queue should help as we
+did not move the disk head and kept on dispatching sequential IO from
+one queue.
+
+CFQ has following service trees and various queues are put on these trees.
+
+	sync-idle	sync-noidle	async
+
+All cfq queues doing synchronous sequential IO go on to sync-idle tree.
+On this tree we idle on each queue individually.
+
+All synchronous non-sequential queues go on sync-noidle tree. Also any
+request which are marked with REQ_NOIDLE go on this service tree. On this
+tree we do not idle on individual queues instead idle on the whole group
+of queues or the tree. So if there are 4 queues waiting for IO to dispatch
+we will idle only once last queue has dispatched the IO and there is
+no more IO on this service tree.
+
+All async writes go on async service tree. There is no idling on async
+queues.
+
+CFQ has some optimizations for SSDs and if it detects a non-rotational
+media which can support higher queue depth (multiple requests at in
+flight at a time), then it cuts down on idling of individual queues and
+all the queues move to sync-noidle tree and only tree idle remains. This
+tree idling provides isolation with buffered write queues on async tree.
+
+FAQ
+===
+Q1. Why to idle at all on queues marked with REQ_NOIDLE.
+
+A1. We only do tree idle (all queues on sync-noidle tree) on queues marked
+    with REQ_NOIDLE. This helps in providing isolation with all the sync-idle
+    queues. Otherwise in presence of many sequential readers, other
+    synchronous IO might not get fair share of disk.
+
+    For example, if there are 10 sequential readers doing IO and they get
+    100ms each. If a REQ_NOIDLE request comes in, it will be scheduled
+    roughly after 1 second. If after completion of REQ_NOIDLE request we
+    do not idle, and after a couple of milli seconds a another REQ_NOIDLE
+    request comes in, again it will be scheduled after 1second. Repeat it
+    and notice how a workload can lose its disk share and suffer due to
+    multiple sequential readers.
+
+    fsync can generate dependent IO where bunch of data is written in the
+    context of fsync, and later some journaling data is written. Journaling
+    data comes in only after fsync has finished its IO (atleast for ext4
+    that seemed to be the case). Now if one decides not to idle on fsync
+    thread due to REQ_NOIDLE, then next journaling write will not get
+    scheduled for another second. A process doing small fsync, will suffer
+    badly in presence of multiple sequential readers.
+
+    Hence doing tree idling on threads using REQ_NOIDLE flag on requests
+    provides isolation from multiple sequential readers and at the same
+    time we do not idle on individual threads.
+
+Q2. When to specify REQ_NOIDLE
+A2. I would think whenever one is doing synchronous write and not expecting
+    more writes to be dispatched from same context soon, should be able
+    to specify REQ_NOIDLE on writes and that probably should work well for
+    most of the cases.

trunk/Documentation/fb/udlfb.txt

@@ -87,23 +87,38 @@ Special configuration for udlfb is usually unnecessary. There are a few
 options, however.
 
 From the command line, pass options to modprobe
-modprobe udlfb defio=1 console=1
+modprobe udlfb fb_defio=0 console=1 shadow=1
 
-Or for permanent option, create file like /etc/modprobe.d/options with text
-options udlfb defio=1 console=1
+Or modify options on the fly at /sys/module/udlfb/parameters directory via
+sudo nano fb_defio
+change the parameter in place, and save the file.
 
-Accepted options:
+Unplug/replug USB device to apply with new settings
+
+Or for permanent option, create file like /etc/modprobe.d/udlfb.conf with text
+options udlfb fb_defio=0 console=1 shadow=1
+
+Accepted boolean options:
 
 fb_defio	Make use of the fb_defio (CONFIG_FB_DEFERRED_IO) kernel
 		module to track changed areas of the framebuffer by page faults.
-        	Standard fbdev applications that use mmap but that do not
-		report damage, may be able to work with this enabled.
-		Disabled by default because of overhead and other issues.
-
-console		Allow fbcon to attach to udlfb provided framebuffers. This
-		is disabled by default because fbcon will aggressively consume
-		the first framebuffer it finds, which isn't usually what the
-		user wants in the case of USB displays.
+		Standard fbdev applications that use mmap but that do not
+		report damage, should be able to work with this enabled.
+		Disable when running with X server that supports reporting
+		changed regions via ioctl, as this method is simpler,
+		more stable, and higher performance.
+		default: fb_defio=1
+
+console	Allow fbcon to attach to udlfb provided framebuffers.
+		Can be disabled if fbcon and other clients
+		(e.g. X with --shared-vt) are in conflict.
+		default: console=1
+
+shadow		Allocate a 2nd framebuffer to shadow what's currently across
+		the USB bus in device memory. If any pixels are unchanged,
+		do not transmit. Spends host memory to save USB transfers.
+		Enabled by default. Only disable on very low memory systems.
+		default: shadow=1
 
 Sysfs Attributes
 ================

trunk/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt

@@ -1350,9 +1350,12 @@ bytes respectively. Such letter suffixes can also be entirely omitted.
 			it is equivalent to "nosmp", which also disables
 			the IO APIC.
 
-	max_loop=	[LOOP] Maximum number of loopback devices that can
-			be mounted
-			Format: <1-256>
+	max_loop=	[LOOP] The number of loop block devices that get
+	(loop.max_loop)	unconditionally pre-created at init time. The default
+			number is configured by BLK_DEV_LOOP_MIN_COUNT. Instead
+			of statically allocating a predefined number, loop
+			devices can be requested on-demand with the
+			/dev/loop-control interface.
 
 	mcatest=	[IA-64]
 

trunk/Documentation/virtual/00-INDEX

@@ -8,3 +8,6 @@ lguest/
 	- Extremely simple hypervisor for experimental/educational use.
 uml/
 	- User Mode Linux, builds/runs Linux kernel as a userspace program.
+virtio.txt
+	- Text version of draft virtio spec.
+          See http://ozlabs.org/~rusty/virtio-spec

trunk/Documentation/virtual/lguest/lguest.c

@@ -1996,6 +1996,9 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	/* We use a simple helper to copy the arguments separated by spaces. */
 	concat((char *)(boot + 1), argv+optind+2);
 
+	/* Set kernel alignment to 16M (CONFIG_PHYSICAL_ALIGN) */
+	boot->hdr.kernel_alignment = 0x1000000;
+
 	/* Boot protocol version: 2.07 supports the fields for lguest. */
 	boot->hdr.version = 0x207;