[ALSA] usb-audio - Fix audiophile-USB quirk for little-endian

Audiophile-usb fix (corrects little-endianness in 16bit modes, resets interfaces at device initialization, and updates the documentation). Signed-off-by: Thibault Le Meur <Thibault.LeMeur@supelec.fr> Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@suse.cz>
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diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/Audiophile-Usb.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/Audiophile-Usb.txt
@@ -1,13 +1,22 @@
-	Guide to using M-Audio Audiophile USB with ALSA and Jack	v1.3
+	Guide to using M-Audio Audiophile USB with ALSA and Jack	v1.4
 	========================================================
 
 	    Thibault Le Meur <Thibault.LeMeur@supelec.fr>
 
 This document is a guide to using the M-Audio Audiophile USB (tm) device with 
 ALSA and JACK.
 
+History
+=======
+* v1.4 - Thibault Le Meur (2007-07-11)
+ - Added Low Endianness nature of 16bits-modes
+   found by Hakan Lennestal <Hakan.Lennestal@brfsodrahamn.se>
+ - Modifying document structure
+
+
 1 - Audiophile USB Specs and correct usage
 ==========================================
+
 This part is a reminder of important facts about the functions and limitations 
 of the device.
 
@@ -25,18 +34,18 @@ The device has 4 audio interfaces, and 2 MIDI ports:
 The internal DAC/ADC has the following characteristics:
 * sample depth of 16 or 24 bits
 * sample rate from 8kHz to 96kHz
-* Two ports can't use different sample depths at the same time. Moreover, the 
-Audiophile USB documentation gives the following Warning: "Please exit any 
-audio application running before switching between bit depths"
+* Two interfaces can't use different sample depths at the same time.
+Moreover, the Audiophile USB documentation gives the following Warning:
+"Please exit any audio application running before switching between bit depths"
 
 Due to the USB 1.1 bandwidth limitation, a limited number of interfaces can be 
 activated at the same time depending on the audio mode selected:
- * 16-bit/48kHz ==> 4 channels in/4 channels out
+ * 16-bit/48kHz ==> 4 channels in + 4 channels out
    - Ai+Ao+Di+Do
- * 24-bit/48kHz ==> 4 channels in/2 channels out, 
-                    or 2 channels in/4 channels out
+ * 24-bit/48kHz ==> 4 channels in + 2 channels out, 
+                    or 2 channels in + 4 channels out
    - Ai+Ao+Do or Ai+Di+Ao or Ai+Di+Do or Di+Ao+Do
- * 24-bit/96kHz ==> 2 channels in, or 2 channels out (half duplex only)
+ * 24-bit/96kHz ==> 2 channels in _or_ 2 channels out (half duplex only)
    - Ai or Ao or Di or Do
 
 Important facts about the Digital interface:
@@ -52,44 +61,53 @@ source is connected
 synchronization error (for instance sound played at an odd sample rate)
 
 
-2 - Audiophile USB support in ALSA
-==================================
+2 - Audiophile USB MIDI support in ALSA
+=======================================
 
-2.1 - MIDI ports
-----------------
-The Audiophile USB MIDI ports will be automatically supported once the 
+The Audiophile USB MIDI ports will be automatically supported once the
 following modules have been loaded:
  * snd-usb-audio
  * snd-seq-midi
 
 No additional setting is required.
 
-2.2 - Audio ports
------------------
+
+3 - Audiophile USB Audio support in ALSA
+========================================
 
 Audio functions of the Audiophile USB device are handled by the snd-usb-audio 
 module. This module can work in a default mode (without any device-specific 
 parameter), or in an "advanced" mode with the device-specific parameter called 
 "device_setup".
 
-2.2.1 - Default Alsa driver mode
-
-The default behavior of the snd-usb-audio driver is to parse the device 
-capabilities at startup and enable all functions inside the device (including 
-all ports at any supported sample rates and sample depths). This approach 
-has the advantage to let the driver easily switch from sample rates/depths 
-automatically according to the need of the application claiming the device.
-
-In this case the Audiophile ports are mapped to alsa pcm devices in the 
-following way (I suppose the device's index is 1):
+3.1 - Default Alsa driver mode
+------------------------------
+
+The default behavior of the snd-usb-audio driver is to list the device 
+capabilities at startup and activate the required mode when required 
+by the applications: for instance if the user is recording in a 
+24bit-depth-mode and immediately after wants to switch to a 16bit-depth mode,
+the snd-usb-audio module will reconfigure the device on the fly.
+
+This approach has the advantage to let the driver automatically switch from sample 
+rates/depths automatically according to the user's needs. However, those who 
+are using the device under windows know that this is not how the device is meant to
+work: under windows applications must be closed before using the m-audio control
+panel to switch the device working mode. Thus as we'll see in next section, this 
+Default Alsa driver mode can lead to device misconfigurations.
+
+Let's get back to the Default Alsa driver mode for now.  In this case the 
+Audiophile interfaces are mapped to alsa pcm devices in the following 
+way (I suppose the device's index is 1):
  * hw:1,0 is Ao in playback and Di in capture
  * hw:1,1 is Do in playback and Ai in capture
  * hw:1,2 is Do in AC3/DTS passthrough mode
 
-You must note as well that the device uses Big Endian byte encoding so that 
-supported audio format are S16_BE  for 16-bit depth modes and S24_3BE for 
-24-bits depth mode. One exception is the hw:1,2 port which is Little Endian 
-compliant and thus uses S16_LE.
+In this mode, the device uses Big Endian byte-encoding so that 
+supported audio format are S16_BE for 16-bit depth modes and S24_3BE for 
+24-bits depth mode. One exception is the hw:1,2 port which is reported 
+to be Little Endian compliant (supposedly supporting S16_LE) but processes 
+in fact only S16_BE streams.
 
 Examples:
  * playing a S24_3BE encoded raw file to the Ao port
@@ -99,90 +117,143 @@ Examples:
  * playing a S16_BE encoded raw file to the Do port
    % aplay -D hw:1,1 -c2 -t raw -r48000 -fS16_BE test.raw
 
-If you're happy with the default Alsa driver setup and don't experience any 
+If you're happy with the default Alsa driver mode and don't experience any 
 issue with this mode, then you can skip the following chapter.
 
-2.2.2 - Advanced module setup
+3.2 - Advanced module setup
+---------------------------
 
 Due to the hardware constraints described above, the device initialization made 
 by the Alsa driver in default mode may result in a corrupted state of the 
 device. For instance, a particularly annoying issue is that the sound captured 
-from the Ai port sounds distorted (as if boosted with an excessive high volume 
-gain).
+from the Ai interface sounds distorted (as if boosted with an excessive high
+volume gain).
 
 For people having this problem, the snd-usb-audio module has a new module 
-parameter called "device_setup".
+parameter called "device_setup" (this parameter was introduced in kernel
+release 2.6.17)
 
-2.2.2.1 - Initializing the working mode of the Audiophile USB
+3.2.1 - Initializing the working mode of the Audiophile USB
 
 As far as the Audiophile USB device is concerned, this value let the user 
 specify:
  * the sample depth
  * the sample rate
  * whether the Di port is used or not 
 
-Here is a list of supported device_setup values for this device:
- * device_setup=0x00 (or omitted)
-   - Alsa driver default mode
-   - maintains backward compatibility with setups that do not use this 
-     parameter by not introducing any change
-   - results sometimes in corrupted sound as described earlier
+When initialized with "device_setup=0x00", the snd-usb-audio module has
+the same behaviour as when the parameter is omitted (see paragraph "Default 
+Alsa driver mode" above)
+
+Others modes are described in the following subsections.
+
+3.2.1.1 - 16-bit modes
+
+The two supported modes are:
+
  * device_setup=0x01
    - 16bits 48kHz mode with Di disabled
    - Ai,Ao,Do can be used at the same time
    - hw:1,0 is not available in capture mode
    - hw:1,2 is not available
+
  * device_setup=0x11
    - 16bits 48kHz mode with Di enabled
    - Ai,Ao,Di,Do can be used at the same time
    - hw:1,0 is available in capture mode
    - hw:1,2 is not available
+
+In this modes the device operates only at 16bits-modes. Before kernel 2.6.23,
+the devices where reported to be Big-Endian when in fact they were Little-Endian
+so that playing a file was a matter of using:
+   % aplay -D hw:1,1 -c2 -t raw -r48000 -fS16_BE test_S16_LE.raw
+where "test_S16_LE.raw" was in fact a little-endian sample file.
+
+Thanks to Hakan Lennestal (who discovered the Little-Endiannes of the device in
+these modes) a fix has been committed (expected in kernel 2.6.23) and
+Alsa now reports Little-Endian interfaces. Thus playing a file now is as simple as
+using:
+   % aplay -D hw:1,1 -c2 -t raw -r48000 -fS16_LE test_S16_LE.raw
+
+3.2.1.2 - 24-bit modes
+
+The three supported modes are:
+
  * device_setup=0x09
    - 24bits 48kHz mode with Di disabled
    - Ai,Ao,Do can be used at the same time
    - hw:1,0 is not available in capture mode
    - hw:1,2 is not available
+
  * device_setup=0x19
    - 24bits 48kHz mode with Di enabled
    - 3 ports from {Ai,Ao,Di,Do} can be used at the same time
    - hw:1,0 is available in capture mode and an active digital source must be 
      connected to Di
    - hw:1,2 is not available
+
  * device_setup=0x0D or 0x10
    - 24bits 96kHz mode
    - Di is enabled by default for this mode but does not need to be connected 
      to an active source
    - Only 1 port from {Ai,Ao,Di,Do} can be used at the same time
    - hw:1,0 is available in captured mode
    - hw:1,2 is not available
+
+In these modes the device is only Big-Endian compliant (see "Default Alsa driver 
+mode" above for an aplay command example)
+
+3.2.1.3 - AC3 w/ DTS passthru mode
+
+This mode is untested, I have no AC3 compliant device to test it. I uses:
+
  * device_setup=0x03
    - 16bits 48kHz mode with only the Do port enabled 
    - AC3 with DTS passthru (not tested)
    - Caution with this setup the Do port is mapped to the pcm device hw:1,0
 
-2.2.2.2 - Setting and switching configurations with the device_setup parameter
+3.2.2 - How to use the device_setup parameter
+----------------------------------------------
 
 The parameter can be given:
+
  * By manually probing the device (as root):
    # modprobe -r snd-usb-audio
    # modprobe snd-usb-audio index=1 device_setup=0x09
+
  * Or while configuring the modules options in your modules configuration file
    - For Fedora distributions, edit the /etc/modprobe.conf file:
        alias snd-card-1 snd-usb-audio
        options snd-usb-audio index=1 device_setup=0x09
 
-IMPORTANT NOTE WHEN SWITCHING CONFIGURATION:
--------------------------------------------
- * You may need to _first_ initialize the module with the correct device_setup 
-   parameter and _only_after_ turn on the Audiophile USB device
- * This is especially true when switching the sample depth:
+CAUTION when initializaing the device
+-------------------------------------
+
+ * Correct initialization on the device requires that device_setup is given to
+   the module BEFORE the device is turned on. So, if you use the "manual probing"
+   method described above, take care to power-on the device AFTER this initialization.
+
+ * Failing to respect this will lead in a misconfiguration of the device. In this case
+   turn off the device, unproble the snd-usb-audio module, then probe it again with 
+   correct device_setup parameter and then (and only then) turn on the device again.
+
+ * If you've correctly initialized the device in a valid mode and then want to switch
+   to  another mode (possibly with another sample-depth), please use also the following 
+   procedure:
    - first turn off the device
    - de-register the snd-usb-audio module (modprobe -r)
    - change the device_setup parameter by changing the device_setup
      option in /etc/modprobe.conf 
    - turn on the device
+ * A workaround for this last issue has been applied to kernel 2.6.23, but it may not
+   be enough to ensure the 'stability' of the device initialization.
+
+3.2.3 - Technical details for hackers
+-------------------------------------
+This section is for hackers, wanting to understand details about the device
+internals and how Alsa supports it.
 
-2.2.2.3 - Audiophile USB's device_setup structure
+3.2.3.1 - Audiophile USB's device_setup structure
 
 If you want to understand the device_setup magic numbers for the Audiophile 
 USB, you need some very basic understanding of binary computation. However, 
@@ -228,12 +299,12 @@ Caution:
    - choosing b2 will prepare all interfaces for 24bits/96kHz but you'll
      only be able to use one at the same time
 
-2.2.3 -  USB implementation details for this device
+3.2.3.2 -  USB implementation details for this device
 
 You may safely skip this section if you're not interested in driver 
-development.
+hacking.
 
-This section describes some internal aspects of the device and summarize the 
+This section describes some internal aspects of the device and summarizes the 
 data I got by usb-snooping the windows and Linux drivers.
 
 The M-Audio Audiophile USB has 7 USB Interfaces:
@@ -293,43 +364,45 @@ parse_audio_endpoints function uses a quirk called
 "audiophile_skip_setting_quirk" in order to prevent AltSettings not 
 corresponding to device_setup from being registered in the driver.
 
-3 - Audiophile USB and Jack support
+4 - Audiophile USB and Jack support
 ===================================
 
 This section deals with support of the Audiophile USB device in Jack.
-The main issue regarding this support is that the device is Big Endian 
-compliant.
 
-3.1 - Using the plug alsa plugin
---------------------------------
+There are 2 main potential issues when using Jackd with the device:
+* support for Big-Endian devices in 24-bit modes
+* support for 4-in / 4-out channels
 
-Jack doesn't directly support big endian devices. Thus, one way to have support 
-for this device with Alsa is to use the Alsa "plug" converter.
+4.1 - Direct support in Jackd
+-----------------------------
+
+Jack supports big endian devices only in recent versions (thanks to
+Andreas Steinmetz for his first big-endian patch). I can't remember 
+extacly when this support was released into jackd, let's just say that 
+with jackd version 0.103.0 it's almost ok (just a small bug is affecting 
+16bits Big-Endian devices, but since you've read  carefully the above 
+paragraphs, you're now using kernel >= 2.6.23 and your 16bits devices 
+are now Little Endians ;-) ).
+
+You can run jackd with the following command for playback with Ao and
+record with Ai:
+  % jackd -R -dalsa -Phw:1,0 -r48000 -p128 -n2 -D -Chw:1,1
+
+4.2 - Using Alsa plughw
+-----------------------
+If you don't have a recent Jackd installed, you can downgrade to using
+the Alsa "plug" converter.
 
 For instance here is one way to run Jack with 2 playback channels on Ao and 2 
 capture channels from Ai:
   % jackd -R -dalsa -dplughw:1 -r48000 -p256 -n2 -D -Cplughw:1,1
 
-
 However you may see the following warning message:
 "You appear to be using the ALSA software "plug" layer, probably a result of 
 using the "default" ALSA device. This is less efficient than it could be. 
 Consider using a hardware device instead rather than using the plug layer."
 
-3.2 - Patching alsa to use direct pcm device
---------------------------------------------
-A patch for Jack by Andreas Steinmetz adds support for Big Endian devices. 
-However it has not been included in the CVS tree.
-
-You can find it at the following URL:
-http://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=1289682&group_id=39687&
-atid=425939
-
-After having applied the patch you can run jackd with the following command 
-line:
-  % jackd -R -dalsa -Phw:1,0 -r48000 -p128 -n2 -D -Chw:1,1
-
-3.2 - Getting 2 input and/or output interfaces in Jack
+4.3 - Getting 2 input and/or output interfaces in Jack
 ------------------------------------------------------
 
 As you can see, starting the Jack server this way will only enable 1 stereo
@@ -339,6 +412,7 @@ This is due to the following restrictions:
 * Jack can only open one capture device and one playback device at a time
 * The Audiophile USB is seen as 2 (or three) Alsa devices: hw:1,0, hw:1,1
   (and optionally hw:1,2)
+
 If you want to get Ai+Di and/or Ao+Do support with Jack, you would need to
 combine the Alsa devices into one logical "complex" device.
 
@@ -348,13 +422,11 @@ It is related to another device (ice1712) but can be adapted to suit
 the Audiophile USB.
 
 Enabling multiple Audiophile USB interfaces for Jackd will certainly require:
-* patching Jack with the previously mentioned "Big Endian" patch
-* patching Jackd with the MMAP_COMPLEX patch (see the ice1712 page)
-* patching the alsa-lib/src/pcm/pcm_multi.c file (see the ice1712 page)
+* Making sure your Jackd version has the MMAP_COMPLEX patch (see the ice1712 page)
+* (maybe) patching the alsa-lib/src/pcm/pcm_multi.c file (see the ice1712 page)
 * define a multi device (combination of hw:1,0 and hw:1,1) in your .asoundrc
   file 
 * start jackd with this device
 
-I had no success in testing this for now, but this may be due to my OS
-configuration. If you have any success with this kind of setup, please
-drop me an email.
+I had no success in testing this for now, if you have any success with this kind 
+of setup, please drop me an email.