x86/fred: Fix INT80 emulation for FRED

Add a FRED-specific INT80 handler and document why it differs from the
current one. Eventually, the common bits will be unified once FRED hw is
available and it turns out that no further changes are needed but for
now, keep the handlers separate for everyone's sanity's sake.

  [ bp: Zap duplicated commit message, massage. ]

Fixes: 55617fb ("x86/entry: Do not allow external 0x80 interrupts")
Suggested-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Xin Li (Intel) <xin@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240417174731.4189592-1-xin@zytor.com

arch/x86/entry/common.c

@@ -255,6 +255,71 @@ __visible noinstr void do_int80_emulation(struct pt_regs *regs)
 	instrumentation_end();
 	syscall_exit_to_user_mode(regs);
 }
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_FRED
+/*
+ * A FRED-specific INT80 handler is warranted for the follwing reasons:
+ *
+ * 1) As INT instructions and hardware interrupts are separate event
+ *    types, FRED does not preclude the use of vector 0x80 for external
+ *    interrupts. As a result, the FRED setup code does not reserve
+ *    vector 0x80 and calling int80_is_external() is not merely
+ *    suboptimal but actively incorrect: it could cause a system call
+ *    to be incorrectly ignored.
+ *
+ * 2) It is called only for handling vector 0x80 of event type
+ *    EVENT_TYPE_SWINT and will never be called to handle any external
+ *    interrupt (event type EVENT_TYPE_EXTINT).
+ *
+ * 3) FRED has separate entry flows depending on if the event came from
+ *    user space or kernel space, and because the kernel does not use
+ *    INT insns, the FRED kernel entry handler fred_entry_from_kernel()
+ *    falls through to fred_bad_type() if the event type is
+ *    EVENT_TYPE_SWINT, i.e., INT insns. So if the kernel is handling
+ *    an INT insn, it can only be from a user level.
+ *
+ * 4) int80_emulation() does a CLEAR_BRANCH_HISTORY. While FRED will
+ *    likely take a different approach if it is ever needed: it
+ *    probably belongs in either fred_intx()/ fred_other() or
+ *    asm_fred_entrypoint_user(), depending on if this ought to be done
+ *    for all entries from userspace or only system
+ *    calls.
+ *
+ * 5) INT $0x80 is the fast path for 32-bit system calls under FRED.
+ */
+DEFINE_FREDENTRY_RAW(int80_emulation)
+{
+	int nr;
+
+	enter_from_user_mode(regs);
+
+	instrumentation_begin();
+	add_random_kstack_offset();
+
+	/*
+	 * FRED pushed 0 into regs::orig_ax and regs::ax contains the
+	 * syscall number.
+	 *
+	 * User tracing code (ptrace or signal handlers) might assume
+	 * that the regs::orig_ax contains a 32-bit number on invoking
+	 * a 32-bit syscall.
+	 *
+	 * Establish the syscall convention by saving the 32bit truncated
+	 * syscall number in regs::orig_ax and by invalidating regs::ax.
+	 */
+	regs->orig_ax = regs->ax & GENMASK(31, 0);
+	regs->ax = -ENOSYS;
+
+	nr = syscall_32_enter(regs);
+
+	local_irq_enable();
+	nr = syscall_enter_from_user_mode_work(regs, nr);
+	do_syscall_32_irqs_on(regs, nr);
+
+	instrumentation_end();
+	syscall_exit_to_user_mode(regs);
+}
+#endif
 #else /* CONFIG_IA32_EMULATION */
 
 /* Handles int $0x80 on a 32bit kernel */

arch/x86/entry/entry_fred.c

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ static noinstr void fred_intx(struct pt_regs *regs)
 	/* INT80 */
 	case IA32_SYSCALL_VECTOR:
 		if (ia32_enabled())
-			return int80_emulation(regs);
+			return fred_int80_emulation(regs);
 		fallthrough;
 #endif