io_uring: fail io_uring_register(2) on a dying io_uring instance

If we have multiple threads doing io_uring_register(2) on an io_uring
fd, then we can potentially try and kill the percpu reference while
someone else has already killed it.

Prevent this race by failing io_uring_register(2) if the ref is marked
dying. This is safe since we're inside the io_uring mutex.

Fixes: b19062a ("io_uring: fix possible deadlock between io_uring_{enter,register}")
Reported-by: syzbot <syzbot+10d25e23199614b7721f@syzkaller.appspotmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

fs/io_uring.c

@@ -2934,6 +2934,14 @@ static int __io_uring_register(struct io_ring_ctx *ctx, unsigned opcode,
 {
 	int ret;
 
+	/*
+	 * We're inside the ring mutex, if the ref is already dying, then
+	 * someone else killed the ctx or is already going through
+	 * io_uring_register().
+	 */
+	if (percpu_ref_is_dying(&ctx->refs))
+		return -ENXIO;
+
 	percpu_ref_kill(&ctx->refs);
 
 	/*