selftests/bpf: add test for LDX/STX/ST relocations over array field

Add a simple repro for the issue of miscalculating LDX/STX/ST CO-RE
relocation size adjustment when the CO-RE relocation target type is an
ARRAY.

We need to make sure that compiler generates LDX/STX/ST instruction with
CO-RE relocation against entire ARRAY type, not ARRAY's element. With
the code pattern in selftest, we get this:

      59:       61 71 00 00 00 00 00 00 w1 = *(u32 *)(r7 + 0x0)
                00000000000001d8:  CO-RE <byte_off> [5] struct core_reloc_arrays::a (0:0)

Where offset of `int a[5]` is embedded (through CO-RE relocation) into memory
load instruction itself.

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250207014809.1573841-2-andrii@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/core_reloc.c

@@ -85,11 +85,11 @@ static int duration = 0;
 #define NESTING_ERR_CASE(name) {					\
 	NESTING_CASE_COMMON(name),					\
 	.fails = true,							\
-	.run_btfgen_fails = true,							\
+	.run_btfgen_fails = true,					\
 }
 
 #define ARRAYS_DATA(struct_name) STRUCT_TO_CHAR_PTR(struct_name) {	\
-	.a = { [2] = 1 },						\
+	.a = { [2] = 1, [3] = 11 },					\
 	.b = { [1] = { [2] = { [3] = 2 } } },				\
 	.c = { [1] = { .c =  3 } },					\
 	.d = { [0] = { [0] = { .d = 4 } } },				\
@@ -108,6 +108,7 @@ static int duration = 0;
 	.input_len = sizeof(struct core_reloc_##name),			\
 	.output = STRUCT_TO_CHAR_PTR(core_reloc_arrays_output) {	\
 		.a2   = 1,						\
+		.a3   = 12,						\
 		.b123 = 2,						\
 		.c1c  = 3,						\
 		.d00d = 4,						\
@@ -602,6 +603,7 @@ static const struct core_reloc_test_case test_cases[] = {
 	ARRAYS_ERR_CASE(arrays___err_non_array),
 	ARRAYS_ERR_CASE(arrays___err_wrong_val_type),
 	ARRAYS_ERR_CASE(arrays___err_bad_zero_sz_arr),
+	ARRAYS_ERR_CASE(arrays___err_bad_signed_arr_elem_sz),
 
 	/* enum/ptr/int handling scenarios */
 	PRIMITIVES_CASE(primitives),

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/btf__core_reloc_arrays___err_bad_signed_arr_elem_sz.c

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#include "core_reloc_types.h"
+
+void f(struct core_reloc_arrays___err_bad_signed_arr_elem_sz x) {}

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/core_reloc_types.h

@@ -347,6 +347,7 @@ struct core_reloc_nesting___err_too_deep {
  */
 struct core_reloc_arrays_output {
 	int a2;
+	int a3;
 	char b123;
 	int c1c;
 	int d00d;
@@ -455,6 +456,15 @@ struct core_reloc_arrays___err_bad_zero_sz_arr {
 	struct core_reloc_arrays_substruct d[1][2];
 };
 
+struct core_reloc_arrays___err_bad_signed_arr_elem_sz {
+	/* int -> short (signed!): not supported case */
+	short a[5];
+	char b[2][3][4];
+	struct core_reloc_arrays_substruct c[3];
+	struct core_reloc_arrays_substruct d[1][2];
+	struct core_reloc_arrays_substruct f[][2];
+};
+
 /*
  * PRIMITIVES
  */

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_core_reloc_arrays.c

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ struct {
 
 struct core_reloc_arrays_output {
 	int a2;
+	int a3;
 	char b123;
 	int c1c;
 	int d00d;
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ int test_core_arrays(void *ctx)
 {
 	struct core_reloc_arrays *in = (void *)&data.in;
 	struct core_reloc_arrays_output *out = (void *)&data.out;
+	int *a;
 
 	if (CORE_READ(&out->a2, &in->a[2]))
 		return 1;
@@ -53,6 +55,9 @@ int test_core_arrays(void *ctx)
 	if (CORE_READ(&out->f01c, &in->f[0][1].c))
 		return 1;
 
+	a = __builtin_preserve_access_index(({ in->a; }));
+	out->a3 = a[0] + a[1] + a[2] + a[3];
+
 	return 0;
 }