Add a reference to ucounts for each cred

For RLIMIT_NPROC and some other rlimits the user_struct that holds the
global limit is kept alive for the lifetime of a process by keeping it
in struct cred. Adding a pointer to ucounts in the struct cred will
allow to track RLIMIT_NPROC not only for user in the system, but for
user in the user_namespace.

Updating ucounts may require memory allocation which may fail. So, we
cannot change cred.ucounts in the commit_creds() because this function
cannot fail and it should always return 0. For this reason, we modify
cred.ucounts before calling the commit_creds().

Changelog

v6:
* Fix null-ptr-deref in is_ucounts_overlimit() detected by trinity. This
  error was caused by the fact that cred_alloc_blank() left the ucounts
  pointer empty.

Reported-by: kernel test robot <oliver.sang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexey Gladkov <legion@kernel.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/b37aaef28d8b9b0d757e07ba6dd27281bbe39259.1619094428.git.legion@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>

fs/exec.c

@@ -1360,6 +1360,10 @@ int begin_new_exec(struct linux_binprm * bprm)
 	WRITE_ONCE(me->self_exec_id, me->self_exec_id + 1);
 	flush_signal_handlers(me, 0);
 
+	retval = set_cred_ucounts(bprm->cred);
+	if (retval < 0)
+		goto out_unlock;
+
 	/*
 	 * install the new credentials for this executable
 	 */

include/linux/cred.h

@@ -144,6 +144,7 @@ struct cred {
 #endif
 	struct user_struct *user;	/* real user ID subscription */
 	struct user_namespace *user_ns; /* user_ns the caps and keyrings are relative to. */
+	struct ucounts *ucounts;
 	struct group_info *group_info;	/* supplementary groups for euid/fsgid */
 	/* RCU deletion */
 	union {
@@ -170,6 +171,7 @@ extern int set_security_override_from_ctx(struct cred *, const char *);
 extern int set_create_files_as(struct cred *, struct inode *);
 extern int cred_fscmp(const struct cred *, const struct cred *);
 extern void __init cred_init(void);
+extern int set_cred_ucounts(struct cred *);
 
 /*
  * check for validity of credentials

include/linux/user_namespace.h

@@ -100,11 +100,15 @@ struct ucounts {
 };
 
 extern struct user_namespace init_user_ns;
+extern struct ucounts init_ucounts;
 
 bool setup_userns_sysctls(struct user_namespace *ns);
 void retire_userns_sysctls(struct user_namespace *ns);
 struct ucounts *inc_ucount(struct user_namespace *ns, kuid_t uid, enum ucount_type type);
 void dec_ucount(struct ucounts *ucounts, enum ucount_type type);
+struct ucounts *alloc_ucounts(struct user_namespace *ns, kuid_t uid);
+struct ucounts *get_ucounts(struct ucounts *ucounts);
+void put_ucounts(struct ucounts *ucounts);
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_USER_NS
 

kernel/cred.c

@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ struct cred init_cred = {
 	.user			= INIT_USER,
 	.user_ns		= &init_user_ns,
 	.group_info		= &init_groups,
+	.ucounts		= &init_ucounts,
 };
 
 static inline void set_cred_subscribers(struct cred *cred, int n)
@@ -119,6 +120,8 @@ static void put_cred_rcu(struct rcu_head *rcu)
 	if (cred->group_info)
 		put_group_info(cred->group_info);
 	free_uid(cred->user);
+	if (cred->ucounts)
+		put_ucounts(cred->ucounts);
 	put_user_ns(cred->user_ns);
 	kmem_cache_free(cred_jar, cred);
 }
@@ -222,6 +225,7 @@ struct cred *cred_alloc_blank(void)
 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS
 	new->magic = CRED_MAGIC;
 #endif
+	new->ucounts = get_ucounts(&init_ucounts);
 
 	if (security_cred_alloc_blank(new, GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT) < 0)
 		goto error;
@@ -284,6 +288,11 @@ struct cred *prepare_creds(void)
 
 	if (security_prepare_creds(new, old, GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT) < 0)
 		goto error;
+
+	new->ucounts = get_ucounts(new->ucounts);
+	if (!new->ucounts)
+		goto error;
+
 	validate_creds(new);
 	return new;
 
@@ -363,6 +372,8 @@ int copy_creds(struct task_struct *p, unsigned long clone_flags)
 		ret = create_user_ns(new);
 		if (ret < 0)
 			goto error_put;
+		if (set_cred_ucounts(new) < 0)
+			goto error_put;
 	}
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_KEYS
@@ -653,6 +664,31 @@ int cred_fscmp(const struct cred *a, const struct cred *b)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(cred_fscmp);
 
+int set_cred_ucounts(struct cred *new)
+{
+	struct task_struct *task = current;
+	const struct cred *old = task->real_cred;
+	struct ucounts *old_ucounts = new->ucounts;
+
+	if (new->user == old->user && new->user_ns == old->user_ns)
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * This optimization is needed because alloc_ucounts() uses locks
+	 * for table lookups.
+	 */
+	if (old_ucounts && old_ucounts->ns == new->user_ns && uid_eq(old_ucounts->uid, new->euid))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!(new->ucounts = alloc_ucounts(new->user_ns, new->euid)))
+		return -EAGAIN;
+
+	if (old_ucounts)
+		put_ucounts(old_ucounts);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 /*
  * initialise the credentials stuff
  */
@@ -719,6 +755,10 @@ struct cred *prepare_kernel_cred(struct task_struct *daemon)
 	if (security_prepare_creds(new, old, GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT) < 0)
 		goto error;
 
+	new->ucounts = get_ucounts(new->ucounts);
+	if (!new->ucounts)
+		goto error;
+
 	put_cred(old);
 	validate_creds(new);
 	return new;

kernel/fork.c

@@ -2995,6 +2995,12 @@ int ksys_unshare(unsigned long unshare_flags)
 	if (err)
 		goto bad_unshare_cleanup_cred;
 
+	if (new_cred) {
+		err = set_cred_ucounts(new_cred);
+		if (err)
+			goto bad_unshare_cleanup_cred;
+	}
+
 	if (new_fs || new_fd || do_sysvsem || new_cred || new_nsproxy) {
 		if (do_sysvsem) {
 			/*

kernel/sys.c

@@ -552,6 +552,10 @@ long __sys_setreuid(uid_t ruid, uid_t euid)
 	if (retval < 0)
 		goto error;
 
+	retval = set_cred_ucounts(new);
+	if (retval < 0)
+		goto error;
+
 	return commit_creds(new);
 
 error:
@@ -610,6 +614,10 @@ long __sys_setuid(uid_t uid)
 	if (retval < 0)
 		goto error;
 
+	retval = set_cred_ucounts(new);
+	if (retval < 0)
+		goto error;
+
 	return commit_creds(new);
 
 error:
@@ -685,6 +693,10 @@ long __sys_setresuid(uid_t ruid, uid_t euid, uid_t suid)
 	if (retval < 0)
 		goto error;
 
+	retval = set_cred_ucounts(new);
+	if (retval < 0)
+		goto error;
+
 	return commit_creds(new);
 
 error:

kernel/ucount.c

@@ -8,6 +8,12 @@
 #include <linux/kmemleak.h>
 #include <linux/user_namespace.h>
 
+struct ucounts init_ucounts = {
+	.ns    = &init_user_ns,
+	.uid   = GLOBAL_ROOT_UID,
+	.count = 1,
+};
+
 #define UCOUNTS_HASHTABLE_BITS 10
 static struct hlist_head ucounts_hashtable[(1 << UCOUNTS_HASHTABLE_BITS)];
 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(ucounts_lock);
@@ -125,7 +131,15 @@ static struct ucounts *find_ucounts(struct user_namespace *ns, kuid_t uid, struc
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-static struct ucounts *get_ucounts(struct user_namespace *ns, kuid_t uid)
+static void hlist_add_ucounts(struct ucounts *ucounts)
+{
+	struct hlist_head *hashent = ucounts_hashentry(ucounts->ns, ucounts->uid);
+	spin_lock_irq(&ucounts_lock);
+	hlist_add_head(&ucounts->node, hashent);
+	spin_unlock_irq(&ucounts_lock);
+}
+
+struct ucounts *alloc_ucounts(struct user_namespace *ns, kuid_t uid)
 {
 	struct hlist_head *hashent = ucounts_hashentry(ns, uid);
 	struct ucounts *ucounts, *new;
@@ -160,7 +174,26 @@ static struct ucounts *get_ucounts(struct user_namespace *ns, kuid_t uid)
 	return ucounts;
 }
 
-static void put_ucounts(struct ucounts *ucounts)
+struct ucounts *get_ucounts(struct ucounts *ucounts)
+{
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	if (!ucounts)
+		return NULL;
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&ucounts_lock, flags);
+	if (ucounts->count == INT_MAX) {
+		WARN_ONCE(1, "ucounts: counter has reached its maximum value");
+		ucounts = NULL;
+	} else {
+		ucounts->count += 1;
+	}
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ucounts_lock, flags);
+
+	return ucounts;
+}
+
+void put_ucounts(struct ucounts *ucounts)
 {
 	unsigned long flags;
 
@@ -194,7 +227,7 @@ struct ucounts *inc_ucount(struct user_namespace *ns, kuid_t uid,
 {
 	struct ucounts *ucounts, *iter, *bad;
 	struct user_namespace *tns;
-	ucounts = get_ucounts(ns, uid);
+	ucounts = alloc_ucounts(ns, uid);
 	for (iter = ucounts; iter; iter = tns->ucounts) {
 		long max;
 		tns = iter->ns;
@@ -237,6 +270,7 @@ static __init int user_namespace_sysctl_init(void)
 	BUG_ON(!user_header);
 	BUG_ON(!setup_userns_sysctls(&init_user_ns));
 #endif
+	hlist_add_ucounts(&init_ucounts);
 	return 0;
 }
 subsys_initcall(user_namespace_sysctl_init);

kernel/user_namespace.c

@@ -1340,6 +1340,9 @@ static int userns_install(struct nsset *nsset, struct ns_common *ns)
 	put_user_ns(cred->user_ns);
 	set_cred_user_ns(cred, get_user_ns(user_ns));
 
+	if (set_cred_ucounts(cred) < 0)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
 	return 0;
 }