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rotary-encoder - a generic driver for GPIO connected devices | ||
Daniel Mack <daniel@caiaq.de>, Feb 2009 | ||
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0. Function | ||
----------- | ||
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Rotary encoders are devices which are connected to the CPU or other | ||
peripherals with two wires. The outputs are phase-shifted by 90 degrees | ||
and by triggering on falling and rising edges, the turn direction can | ||
be determined. | ||
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The phase diagram of these two outputs look like this: | ||
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_____ _____ _____ | ||
| | | | | | | ||
Channel A ____| |_____| |_____| |____ | ||
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: : : : : : : : : : : : | ||
__ _____ _____ _____ | ||
| | | | | | | | ||
Channel B |_____| |_____| |_____| |__ | ||
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: : : : : : : : : : : : | ||
Event a b c d a b c d a b c d | ||
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|<-------->| | ||
one step | ||
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For more information, please see | ||
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotary_encoder | ||
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1. Events / state machine | ||
------------------------- | ||
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a) Rising edge on channel A, channel B in low state | ||
This state is used to recognize a clockwise turn | ||
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b) Rising edge on channel B, channel A in high state | ||
When entering this state, the encoder is put into 'armed' state, | ||
meaning that there it has seen half the way of a one-step transition. | ||
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c) Falling edge on channel A, channel B in high state | ||
This state is used to recognize a counter-clockwise turn | ||
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d) Falling edge on channel B, channel A in low state | ||
Parking position. If the encoder enters this state, a full transition | ||
should have happend, unless it flipped back on half the way. The | ||
'armed' state tells us about that. | ||
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2. Platform requirements | ||
------------------------ | ||
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As there is no hardware dependent call in this driver, the platform it is | ||
used with must support gpiolib. Another requirement is that IRQs must be | ||
able to fire on both edges. | ||
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3. Board integration | ||
-------------------- | ||
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To use this driver in your system, register a platform_device with the | ||
name 'rotary-encoder' and associate the IRQs and some specific platform | ||
data with it. | ||
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struct rotary_encoder_platform_data is declared in | ||
include/linux/rotary-encoder.h and needs to be filled with the number of | ||
steps the encoder has and can carry information about externally inverted | ||
signals (because of used invertig buffer or other reasons). | ||
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Because GPIO to IRQ mapping is platform specific, this information must | ||
be given in seperately to the driver. See the example below. | ||
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---------<snip>--------- | ||
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/* board support file example */ | ||
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#include <linux/input.h> | ||
#include <linux/rotary_encoder.h> | ||
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#define GPIO_ROTARY_A 1 | ||
#define GPIO_ROTARY_B 2 | ||
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static struct rotary_encoder_platform_data my_rotary_encoder_info = { | ||
.steps = 24, | ||
.axis = ABS_X, | ||
.gpio_a = GPIO_ROTARY_A, | ||
.gpio_b = GPIO_ROTARY_B, | ||
.inverted_a = 0, | ||
.inverted_b = 0, | ||
}; | ||
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static struct platform_device rotary_encoder_device = { | ||
.name = "rotary-encoder", | ||
.id = 0, | ||
.dev = { | ||
.platform_data = &my_rotary_encoder_info, | ||
} | ||
}; | ||
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