workqueue: Assign a color to barrier work items

There was no strong reason to or not to flush barrier work items in
flush_workqueue().  And we have to make barrier work items not participate
in nr_active so we had been using WORK_NO_COLOR for them which also makes
them can't be flushed by flush_workqueue().

And the users of flush_workqueue() often do not intend to wait barrier work
items issued by flush_work().  That made the choice sound perfect.

But barrier work items have reference to internal structure (pool_workqueue)
and the worker thread[s] is/are still busy for the workqueue user when the
barrrier work items are not done.  So it is reasonable to make flush_workqueue()
also watch for flush_work() to make it more robust.

And a problem[1] reported by Li Zhe shows that we need such robustness.
The warning logs are listed below:

WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 19336 at kernel/workqueue.c:4430 destroy_workqueue+0x11a/0x2f0
*****
destroy_workqueue: test_workqueue9 has the following busy pwq
  pwq 4: cpus=2 node=0 flags=0x0 nice=0 active=0/1 refcnt=2
      in-flight: 5658:wq_barrier_func
Showing busy workqueues and worker pools:
*****

It shows that even after drain_workqueue() returns, the barrier work item
is still in flight and the pwq (and a worker) is still busy on it.

The problem is caused by flush_workqueue() not watching flush_work():

Thread A				Worker
					/* normal work item with linked */
					process_scheduled_works()
destroy_workqueue()			  process_one_work()
  drain_workqueue()			    /* run normal work item */
				 /--	    pwq_dec_nr_in_flight()
    flush_workqueue()	    <---/
		/* the last normal work item is done */
  sanity_check				  process_one_work()
				       /--  raw_spin_unlock_irq(&pool->lock)
    raw_spin_lock_irq(&pool->lock)  <-/     /* maybe preempt */
    *WARNING*				    wq_barrier_func()
					    /* maybe preempt by cond_resched() */

Thread A can get the pool lock after the Worker unlocks the pool lock before
running wq_barrier_func().  And if there is any preemption happen around
wq_barrier_func(), destroy_workqueue()'s sanity check is more likely to
get the lock and catch it.  (Note: preemption is not necessary to cause the bug,
the unlocking is enough to possibly trigger the WARNING.)

A simple solution might be just executing all linked barrier work items
once without releasing pool lock after the head work item's
pwq_dec_nr_in_flight().  But this solution has two problems:

  1) the head work item might also be barrier work item when the user-queued
     work item is cancelled. For example:
	thread 1:		thread 2:
	queue_work(wq, &my_work)
	flush_work(&my_work)
				cancel_work_sync(&my_work);
	/* Neiter my_work nor the barrier work is scheduled. */
				destroy_workqueue(wq);
	/* This is an easier way to catch the WARNING. */

  2) there might be too much linked barrier work items and running them
     all once without releasing pool lock just causes trouble.

The only solution is to make flush_workqueue() aslo watch barrier work
items.  So we have to assign a color to these barrier work items which
is the color of the head (user-queued) work item.

Assigning a color doesn't cause any problem in ative management, because
the prvious patch made barrier work items not participate in nr_active
via WORK_STRUCT_INACTIVE rather than reliance on the (old) WORK_NO_COLOR.

[1]: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20210812083814.32453-1-lizhe.67@bytedance.com/
Reported-by: Li Zhe <lizhe.67@bytedance.com>
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>

kernel/workqueue.c

@@ -1197,10 +1197,6 @@ static void pwq_dec_nr_in_flight(struct pool_workqueue *pwq, unsigned long work_
 		}
 	}
 
-	/* uncolored work items don't participate in flushing */
-	if (color == WORK_NO_COLOR)
-		goto out_put;
-
 	pwq->nr_in_flight[color]--;
 
 	/* is flush in progress and are we at the flushing tip? */
@@ -1307,7 +1303,7 @@ static int try_to_grab_pending(struct work_struct *work, bool is_dwork,
 		 * canceled (see the comments in insert_wq_barrier()).
 		 *
 		 * An inactive work item cannot be grabbed directly because
-		 * it might have linked NO_COLOR work items which, if left
+		 * it might have linked barrier work items which, if left
 		 * on the inactive_works list, will confuse pwq->nr_active
 		 * management later on and cause stall.  Make sure the work
 		 * item is activated before grabbing.
@@ -2234,6 +2230,7 @@ __acquires(&pool->lock)
 	worker->current_func = work->func;
 	worker->current_pwq = pwq;
 	work_data = *work_data_bits(work);
+	worker->current_color = get_work_color(work_data);
 
 	/*
 	 * Record wq name for cmdline and debug reporting, may get
@@ -2339,6 +2336,7 @@ __acquires(&pool->lock)
 	worker->current_work = NULL;
 	worker->current_func = NULL;
 	worker->current_pwq = NULL;
+	worker->current_color = INT_MAX;
 	pwq_dec_nr_in_flight(pwq, work_data);
 }
 
@@ -2682,7 +2680,8 @@ static void insert_wq_barrier(struct pool_workqueue *pwq,
 			      struct wq_barrier *barr,
 			      struct work_struct *target, struct worker *worker)
 {
-	unsigned int work_flags = work_color_to_flags(WORK_NO_COLOR);
+	unsigned int work_flags = 0;
+	unsigned int work_color;
 	struct list_head *head;
 
 	/*
@@ -2705,17 +2704,22 @@ static void insert_wq_barrier(struct pool_workqueue *pwq,
 	 * If @target is currently being executed, schedule the
 	 * barrier to the worker; otherwise, put it after @target.
 	 */
-	if (worker)
+	if (worker) {
 		head = worker->scheduled.next;
-	else {
+		work_color = worker->current_color;
+	} else {
 		unsigned long *bits = work_data_bits(target);
 
 		head = target->entry.next;
 		/* there can already be other linked works, inherit and set */
 		work_flags |= *bits & WORK_STRUCT_LINKED;
+		work_color = get_work_color(*bits);
 		__set_bit(WORK_STRUCT_LINKED_BIT, bits);
 	}
 
+	pwq->nr_in_flight[work_color]++;
+	work_flags |= work_color_to_flags(work_color);
+
 	debug_work_activate(&barr->work);
 	insert_work(pwq, &barr->work, head, work_flags);
 }

kernel/workqueue_internal.h

@@ -30,7 +30,8 @@ struct worker {
 
 	struct work_struct	*current_work;	/* L: work being processed */
 	work_func_t		current_func;	/* L: current_work's fn */
-	struct pool_workqueue	*current_pwq; /* L: current_work's pwq */
+	struct pool_workqueue	*current_pwq;	/* L: current_work's pwq */
+	unsigned int		current_color;	/* L: current_work's color */
 	struct list_head	scheduled;	/* L: scheduled works */
 
 	/* 64 bytes boundary on 64bit, 32 on 32bit */