pthread_create.c

/* Copyright (C) 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
   Contributed by Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com>, 2002.

   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
   License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
   version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
   Lesser General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
   License along with the GNU C Library; if not, write to the Free
   Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
   02111-1307 USA.  */

#include <errno.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "pthreadP.h"
#include <hp-timing.h>
#include <ldsodefs.h>
#include <atomic.h>
#include <libc-internal.h>
#include <resolv.h>

#include <shlib-compat.h>


/* Local function to start thread and handle cleanup.  */
static int start_thread (void *arg);


/* Nozero if debugging mode is enabled.  */
int __pthread_debug;

/* Globally enabled events.  */
static td_thr_events_t __nptl_threads_events;

/* Pointer to descriptor with the last event.  */
static struct pthread *__nptl_last_event;

/* Number of threads running.  */
unsigned int __nptl_nthreads = 1;


/* Code to allocate and deallocate a stack.  */
#include "allocatestack.c"

/* Code to create the thread.  */
#include <createthread.c>


struct pthread *
internal_function
__find_in_stack_list (pd)
     struct pthread *pd;
{
  list_t *entry;
  struct pthread *result = NULL;

  lll_lock (stack_cache_lock);

  list_for_each (entry, &stack_used)
    {
      struct pthread *curp;

      curp = list_entry (entry, struct pthread, list);
      if (curp == pd)
	{
	  result = curp;
	  break;
	}
    }

  if (result == NULL)
    list_for_each (entry, &__stack_user)
      {
	struct pthread *curp;

	curp = list_entry (entry, struct pthread, list);
	if (curp == pd)
	  {
	    result = curp;
	    break;
	  }
      }

  lll_unlock (stack_cache_lock);

  return result;
}


/* Deallocate POSIX thread-local-storage.  */
void
attribute_hidden
__nptl_deallocate_tsd (void)
{
  struct pthread *self = THREAD_SELF;

  /* Maybe no data was ever allocated.  This happens often so we have
     a flag for this.  */
  if (THREAD_GETMEM (self, specific_used))
    {
      size_t round;
      size_t cnt;

      round = 0;
      do
	{
	  size_t idx;

	  /* So far no new nonzero data entry.  */
	  THREAD_SETMEM (self, specific_used, false);

	  for (cnt = idx = 0; cnt < PTHREAD_KEY_1STLEVEL_SIZE; ++cnt)
	    {
	      struct pthread_key_data *level2;

	      level2 = THREAD_GETMEM_NC (self, specific, cnt);

	      if (level2 != NULL)
		{
		  size_t inner;

		  for (inner = 0; inner < PTHREAD_KEY_2NDLEVEL_SIZE;
		       ++inner, ++idx)
		    {
		      void *data = level2[inner].data;

		      if (data != NULL)
			{
			  /* Always clear the data.  */
			  level2[inner].data = NULL;

			  /* Make sure the data corresponds to a valid
			     key.  This test fails if the key was
			     deallocated and also if it was
			     re-allocated.  It is the user's
			     responsibility to free the memory in this
			     case.  */
			  if (level2[inner].seq
			      == __pthread_keys[idx].seq
			      /* It is not necessary to register a destructor
				 function.  */
			      && __pthread_keys[idx].destr != NULL)
			    /* Call the user-provided destructor.  */
			    __pthread_keys[idx].destr (data);
			}
		    }
		}
	      else
		idx += PTHREAD_KEY_1STLEVEL_SIZE;
	    }

	  if (THREAD_GETMEM (self, specific_used) == 0)
	    /* No data has been modified.  */
	    goto just_free;
	}
      /* We only repeat the process a fixed number of times.  */
      while (__builtin_expect (++round < PTHREAD_DESTRUCTOR_ITERATIONS, 0));

      /* Just clear the memory of the first block for reuse.  */
      memset (&THREAD_SELF->specific_1stblock, '\0',
	      sizeof (self->specific_1stblock));

    just_free:
      /* Free the memory for the other blocks.  */
      for (cnt = 1; cnt < PTHREAD_KEY_1STLEVEL_SIZE; ++cnt)
	{
	  struct pthread_key_data *level2;

	  level2 = THREAD_GETMEM_NC (self, specific, cnt);
	  if (level2 != NULL)
	    {
	      /* The first block is allocated as part of the thread
		 descriptor.  */
	      free (level2);
	      THREAD_SETMEM_NC (self, specific, cnt, NULL);
	    }
	}

      THREAD_SETMEM (self, specific_used, false);
    }
}


/* Deallocate a thread's stack after optionally making sure the thread
   descriptor is still valid.  */
void
internal_function
__free_tcb (struct pthread *pd)
{
  /* The thread is exiting now.  */
  if (__builtin_expect (atomic_bit_test_set (&pd->cancelhandling,
					     TERMINATED_BIT) == 0, 1))
    {
      /* Remove the descriptor from the list.  */
      if (DEBUGGING_P && __find_in_stack_list (pd) == NULL)
	/* Something is really wrong.  The descriptor for a still
	   running thread is gone.  */
	abort ();

      /* Queue the stack memory block for reuse and exit the process.  The
	 kernel will signal via writing to the address returned by
	 QUEUE-STACK when the stack is available.  */
      __deallocate_stack (pd);
    }
}


static int
start_thread (void *arg)
{
  struct pthread *pd = (struct pthread *) arg;

#if HP_TIMING_AVAIL
  /* Remember the time when the thread was started.  */
  hp_timing_t now;
  HP_TIMING_NOW (now);
  THREAD_SETMEM (pd, cpuclock_offset, now);
#endif

  /* Initialize resolver state pointer.  */
  __resp = &pd->res;

#ifdef __NR_set_robust_list
# ifndef __ASSUME_SET_ROBUST_LIST
  if (__set_robust_list_avail >= 0)
# endif
    {
      INTERNAL_SYSCALL_DECL (err);
      /* This call should never fail because the initial call in init.c
	 succeeded.  */
      INTERNAL_SYSCALL (set_robust_list, err, 2, &pd->robust_head,
			sizeof (struct robust_list_head));
    }
#endif

  /* This is where the try/finally block should be created.  For
     compilers without that support we do use setjmp.  */
  struct pthread_unwind_buf unwind_buf;

  /* No previous handlers.  */
  unwind_buf.priv.data.prev = NULL;
  unwind_buf.priv.data.cleanup = NULL;

  int not_first_call;
  not_first_call = setjmp ((struct __jmp_buf_tag *) unwind_buf.cancel_jmp_buf);
  if (__builtin_expect (! not_first_call, 1))
    {
      /* Store the new cleanup handler info.  */
      THREAD_SETMEM (pd, cleanup_jmp_buf, &unwind_buf);

      if (__builtin_expect (pd->stopped_start, 0))
	{
	  int oldtype = CANCEL_ASYNC ();

	  /* Get the lock the parent locked to force synchronization.  */
	  lll_lock (pd->lock);
	  /* And give it up right away.  */
	  lll_unlock (pd->lock);

	  CANCEL_RESET (oldtype);
	}

      /* Run the code the user provided.  */
#ifdef CALL_THREAD_FCT
      THREAD_SETMEM (pd, result, CALL_THREAD_FCT (pd));
#else
      THREAD_SETMEM (pd, result, pd->start_routine (pd->arg));
#endif
    }

  /* Run the destructor for the thread-local data.  */
  __nptl_deallocate_tsd ();

  /* Clean up any state libc stored in thread-local variables.  */
  __libc_thread_freeres ();

  /* If this is the last thread we terminate the process now.  We
     do not notify the debugger, it might just irritate it if there
     is no thread left.  */
  if (__builtin_expect (atomic_decrement_and_test (&__nptl_nthreads), 0))
    /* This was the last thread.  */
    exit (0);

  /* Report the death of the thread if this is wanted.  */
  if (__builtin_expect (pd->report_events, 0))
    {
      /* See whether TD_DEATH is in any of the mask.  */
      const int idx = __td_eventword (TD_DEATH);
      const uint32_t mask = __td_eventmask (TD_DEATH);

      if ((mask & (__nptl_threads_events.event_bits[idx]
		   | pd->eventbuf.eventmask.event_bits[idx])) != 0)
	{
	  /* Yep, we have to signal the death.  Add the descriptor to
	     the list but only if it is not already on it.  */
	  if (pd->nextevent == NULL)
	    {
	      pd->eventbuf.eventnum = TD_DEATH;
	      pd->eventbuf.eventdata = pd;

	      do
		pd->nextevent = __nptl_last_event;
	      while (atomic_compare_and_exchange_bool_acq (&__nptl_last_event,
							   pd, pd->nextevent));
	    }

	  /* Now call the function to signal the event.  */
	  __nptl_death_event ();
	}
    }

  /* The thread is exiting now.  Don't set this bit until after we've hit
     the event-reporting breakpoint, so that td_thr_get_info on us while at
     the breakpoint reports TD_THR_RUN state rather than TD_THR_ZOMBIE.  */
  atomic_bit_set (&pd->cancelhandling, EXITING_BIT);

#ifndef __ASSUME_SET_ROBUST_LIST
  /* If this thread has any robust mutexes locked, handle them now.  */
# if __WORDSIZE == 64
  void *robust = pd->robust_head.list;
# else
  __pthread_slist_t *robust = pd->robust_list.__next;
# endif
/* We let the kernel do the notification if it is able to do so.  */
  if (__set_robust_list_avail < 0
      && __builtin_expect (robust != &pd->robust_head, 0))
    {
      do
	{
	  struct __pthread_mutex_s *this = (struct __pthread_mutex_s *)
	    ((char *) robust - offsetof (struct __pthread_mutex_s,
					 __list.__next));
	  robust = *((void **) robust);

# ifdef __PTHREAD_MUTEX_HAVE_PREV
	  this->__list.__prev = NULL;
# endif
	  this->__list.__next = NULL;

	  lll_robust_mutex_dead (this->__lock);
	}
      while (robust != &pd->robust_head);
    }
#endif

  /* If the thread is detached free the TCB.  */
  if (IS_DETACHED (pd))
    /* Free the TCB.  */
    __free_tcb (pd);
  else if (__builtin_expect (pd->cancelhandling & SETXID_BITMASK, 0))
    {
      /* Some other thread might call any of the setXid functions and expect
	 us to reply.  In this case wait until we did that.  */
      do
	lll_futex_wait (&pd->setxid_futex, 0);
      while (pd->cancelhandling & SETXID_BITMASK);

      /* Reset the value so that the stack can be reused.  */
      pd->setxid_futex = 0;
    }

  /* We cannot call '_exit' here.  '_exit' will terminate the process.

     The 'exit' implementation in the kernel will signal when the
     process is really dead since 'clone' got passed the CLONE_CLEARTID
     flag.  The 'tid' field in the TCB will be set to zero.

     The exit code is zero since in case all threads exit by calling
     'pthread_exit' the exit status must be 0 (zero).  */
  __exit_thread_inline (0);

  /* NOTREACHED */
  return 0;
}


/* Default thread attributes for the case when the user does not
   provide any.  */
static const struct pthread_attr default_attr =
  {
    /* Just some value > 0 which gets rounded to the nearest page size.  */
    .guardsize = 1,
  };


int
__pthread_create_2_1 (newthread, attr, start_routine, arg)
     pthread_t *newthread;
     const pthread_attr_t *attr;
     void *(*start_routine) (void *);
     void *arg;
{
  STACK_VARIABLES;

  const struct pthread_attr *iattr = (struct pthread_attr *) attr;
  if (iattr == NULL)
    /* Is this the best idea?  On NUMA machines this could mean
       accessing far-away memory.  */
    iattr = &default_attr;

  struct pthread *pd = NULL;
  int err = ALLOCATE_STACK (iattr, &pd);
  if (__builtin_expect (err != 0, 0))
    /* Something went wrong.  Maybe a parameter of the attributes is
       invalid or we could not allocate memory.  */
    return err;


  /* Initialize the TCB.  All initializations with zero should be
     performed in 'get_cached_stack'.  This way we avoid doing this if
     the stack freshly allocated with 'mmap'.  */

#ifdef TLS_TCB_AT_TP
  /* Reference to the TCB itself.  */
  pd->header.self = pd;

  /* Self-reference for TLS.  */
  pd->header.tcb = pd;
#endif

  /* Store the address of the start routine and the parameter.  Since
     we do not start the function directly the stillborn thread will
     get the information from its thread descriptor.  */
  pd->start_routine = start_routine;
  pd->arg = arg;

  /* Copy the thread attribute flags.  */
  struct pthread *self = THREAD_SELF;
  pd->flags = ((iattr->flags & ~(ATTR_FLAG_SCHED_SET | ATTR_FLAG_POLICY_SET))
	       | (self->flags & (ATTR_FLAG_SCHED_SET | ATTR_FLAG_POLICY_SET)));

  /* Initialize the field for the ID of the thread which is waiting
     for us.  This is a self-reference in case the thread is created
     detached.  */
  pd->joinid = iattr->flags & ATTR_FLAG_DETACHSTATE ? pd : NULL;

  /* The debug events are inherited from the parent.  */
  pd->eventbuf = self->eventbuf;


  /* Copy the parent's scheduling parameters.  The flags will say what
     is valid and what is not.  */
  pd->schedpolicy = self->schedpolicy;
  pd->schedparam = self->schedparam;

  /* Copy the stack guard canary.  */
#ifdef THREAD_COPY_STACK_GUARD
  THREAD_COPY_STACK_GUARD (pd);
#endif

  /* Copy the pointer guard value.  */
#ifdef THREAD_COPY_POINTER_GUARD
  THREAD_COPY_POINTER_GUARD (pd);
#endif

  /* Determine scheduling parameters for the thread.  */
  if (attr != NULL
      && __builtin_expect ((iattr->flags & ATTR_FLAG_NOTINHERITSCHED) != 0, 0)
      && (iattr->flags & (ATTR_FLAG_SCHED_SET | ATTR_FLAG_POLICY_SET)) != 0)
    {
      INTERNAL_SYSCALL_DECL (scerr);

      /* Use the scheduling parameters the user provided.  */
      if (iattr->flags & ATTR_FLAG_POLICY_SET)
	pd->schedpolicy = iattr->schedpolicy;
      else if ((pd->flags & ATTR_FLAG_POLICY_SET) == 0)
	{
	  pd->schedpolicy = INTERNAL_SYSCALL (sched_getscheduler, scerr, 1, 0);
	  pd->flags |= ATTR_FLAG_POLICY_SET;
	}

      if (iattr->flags & ATTR_FLAG_SCHED_SET)
	memcpy (&pd->schedparam, &iattr->schedparam,
		sizeof (struct sched_param));
      else if ((pd->flags & ATTR_FLAG_SCHED_SET) == 0)
	{
	  INTERNAL_SYSCALL (sched_getparam, scerr, 2, 0, &pd->schedparam);
	  pd->flags |= ATTR_FLAG_SCHED_SET;
	}

      /* Check for valid priorities.  */
      int minprio = INTERNAL_SYSCALL (sched_get_priority_min, scerr, 1,
				      iattr->schedpolicy);
      int maxprio = INTERNAL_SYSCALL (sched_get_priority_max, scerr, 1,
				      iattr->schedpolicy);
      if (pd->schedparam.sched_priority < minprio
	  || pd->schedparam.sched_priority > maxprio)
	{
	  err = EINVAL;
	  goto errout;
	}
    }

  /* Pass the descriptor to the caller.  */
  *newthread = (pthread_t) pd;

  /* Remember whether the thread is detached or not.  In case of an
     error we have to free the stacks of non-detached stillborn
     threads.  */
  bool is_detached = IS_DETACHED (pd);

  /* Start the thread.  */
  err = create_thread (pd, iattr, STACK_VARIABLES_ARGS);
  if (err != 0)
    {
      /* Something went wrong.  Free the resources.  */
      if (!is_detached)
	{
	errout:
	  __deallocate_stack (pd);
	}
      return err;
    }

  return 0;
}
versioned_symbol (libpthread, __pthread_create_2_1, pthread_create, GLIBC_2_1);


#if SHLIB_COMPAT(libpthread, GLIBC_2_0, GLIBC_2_1)
int
__pthread_create_2_0 (newthread, attr, start_routine, arg)
     pthread_t *newthread;
     const pthread_attr_t *attr;
     void *(*start_routine) (void *);
     void *arg;
{
  /* The ATTR attribute is not really of type `pthread_attr_t *'.  It has
     the old size and access to the new members might crash the program.
     We convert the struct now.  */
  struct pthread_attr new_attr;

  if (attr != NULL)
    {
      struct pthread_attr *iattr = (struct pthread_attr *) attr;
      size_t ps = __getpagesize ();

      /* Copy values from the user-provided attributes.  */
      new_attr.schedparam = iattr->schedparam;
      new_attr.schedpolicy = iattr->schedpolicy;
      new_attr.flags = iattr->flags;

      /* Fill in default values for the fields not present in the old
	 implementation.  */
      new_attr.guardsize = ps;
      new_attr.stackaddr = NULL;
      new_attr.stacksize = 0;
      new_attr.cpuset = NULL;

      /* We will pass this value on to the real implementation.  */
      attr = (pthread_attr_t *) &new_attr;
    }

  return __pthread_create_2_1 (newthread, attr, start_routine, arg);
}
compat_symbol (libpthread, __pthread_create_2_0, pthread_create,
	       GLIBC_2_0);
#endif

/* Information for libthread_db.  */

#include "../nptl_db/db_info.c"

/* If pthread_create is present, libgcc_eh.a and libsupc++.a expects some other POSIX thread
   functions to be present as well.  */
PTHREAD_STATIC_FN_REQUIRE (pthread_mutex_lock)
PTHREAD_STATIC_FN_REQUIRE (pthread_mutex_unlock)

PTHREAD_STATIC_FN_REQUIRE (pthread_once)
PTHREAD_STATIC_FN_REQUIRE (pthread_cancel)

PTHREAD_STATIC_FN_REQUIRE (pthread_key_create)
PTHREAD_STATIC_FN_REQUIRE (pthread_setspecific)
PTHREAD_STATIC_FN_REQUIRE (pthread_getspecific)