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Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bart/ide-2.6
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bart/ide-2.6: (66 commits) ata: Add documentation for hard disk shock protection interface (v3) ide: Implement disk shock protection support (v4) ide-cd: fix printk format warning piix: add Hercules EC-900 mini-notebook to ich_laptop short cable list ide-atapi: assign taskfile flags per device type ide-cd: move cdrom_info.dma to ide_drive_t.dma ide: add ide_drive_t.dma flag ide-cd: add a debug_mask module parameter ide-cd: convert driver to new ide debugging macro (v3) ide: move SFF DMA code to ide-dma-sff.c ide: cleanup ide-dma.c ide: cleanup ide_build_dmatable() ide: remove needless includes from ide-dma.c ide: switch to DMA-mapping API part #2 ide: make ide_dma_timeout() available also for CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDEDMA_SFF=n ide: make ide_dma_lost_irq() available also for CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDEDMA_SFF=n ide: __ide_dma_end() -> ide_dma_end() pmac: remove needless pmac_ide_destroy_dmatable() wrapper pmac: remove superfluous pmif == NULL checks ide: Two fixes regarding memory allocation ...
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| Original file line number | Diff line number | Diff line change |
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| Hard disk shock protection | ||
| ========================== | ||
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| Author: Elias Oltmanns <eo@nebensachen.de> | ||
| Last modified: 2008-10-03 | ||
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| 0. Contents | ||
| ----------- | ||
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| 1. Intro | ||
| 2. The interface | ||
| 3. References | ||
| 4. CREDITS | ||
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| 1. Intro | ||
| -------- | ||
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| ATA/ATAPI-7 specifies the IDLE IMMEDIATE command with unload feature. | ||
| Issuing this command should cause the drive to switch to idle mode and | ||
| unload disk heads. This feature is being used in modern laptops in | ||
| conjunction with accelerometers and appropriate software to implement | ||
| a shock protection facility. The idea is to stop all I/O operations on | ||
| the internal hard drive and park its heads on the ramp when critical | ||
| situations are anticipated. The desire to have such a feature | ||
| available on GNU/Linux systems has been the original motivation to | ||
| implement a generic disk head parking interface in the Linux kernel. | ||
| Please note, however, that other components have to be set up on your | ||
| system in order to get disk shock protection working (see | ||
| section 3. References below for pointers to more information about | ||
| that). | ||
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| 2. The interface | ||
| ---------------- | ||
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| For each ATA device, the kernel exports the file | ||
| block/*/device/unload_heads in sysfs (here assumed to be mounted under | ||
| /sys). Access to /sys/block/*/device/unload_heads is denied with | ||
| -EOPNOTSUPP if the device does not support the unload feature. | ||
| Otherwise, writing an integer value to this file will take the heads | ||
| of the respective drive off the platter and block all I/O operations | ||
| for the specified number of milliseconds. When the timeout expires and | ||
| no further disk head park request has been issued in the meantime, | ||
| normal operation will be resumed. The maximal value accepted for a | ||
| timeout is 30000 milliseconds. Exceeding this limit will return | ||
| -EOVERFLOW, but heads will be parked anyway and the timeout will be | ||
| set to 30 seconds. However, you can always change a timeout to any | ||
| value between 0 and 30000 by issuing a subsequent head park request | ||
| before the timeout of the previous one has expired. In particular, the | ||
| total timeout can exceed 30 seconds and, more importantly, you can | ||
| cancel a previously set timeout and resume normal operation | ||
| immediately by specifying a timeout of 0. Values below -2 are rejected | ||
| with -EINVAL (see below for the special meaning of -1 and -2). If the | ||
| timeout specified for a recent head park request has not yet expired, | ||
| reading from /sys/block/*/device/unload_heads will report the number | ||
| of milliseconds remaining until normal operation will be resumed; | ||
| otherwise, reading the unload_heads attribute will return 0. | ||
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| For example, do the following in order to park the heads of drive | ||
| /dev/sda and stop all I/O operations for five seconds: | ||
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| # echo 5000 > /sys/block/sda/device/unload_heads | ||
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| A simple | ||
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| # cat /sys/block/sda/device/unload_heads | ||
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| will show you how many milliseconds are left before normal operation | ||
| will be resumed. | ||
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| A word of caution: The fact that the interface operates on a basis of | ||
| milliseconds may raise expectations that cannot be satisfied in | ||
| reality. In fact, the ATA specs clearly state that the time for an | ||
| unload operation to complete is vendor specific. The hint in ATA-7 | ||
| that this will typically be within 500 milliseconds apparently has | ||
| been dropped in ATA-8. | ||
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| There is a technical detail of this implementation that may cause some | ||
| confusion and should be discussed here. When a head park request has | ||
| been issued to a device successfully, all I/O operations on the | ||
| controller port this device is attached to will be deferred. That is | ||
| to say, any other device that may be connected to the same port will | ||
| be affected too. The only exception is that a subsequent head unload | ||
| request to that other device will be executed immediately. Further | ||
| operations on that port will be deferred until the timeout specified | ||
| for either device on the port has expired. As far as PATA (old style | ||
| IDE) configurations are concerned, there can only be two devices | ||
| attached to any single port. In SATA world we have port multipliers | ||
| which means that a user-issued head parking request to one device may | ||
| actually result in stopping I/O to a whole bunch of devices. However, | ||
| since this feature is supposed to be used on laptops and does not seem | ||
| to be very useful in any other environment, there will be mostly one | ||
| device per port. Even if the CD/DVD writer happens to be connected to | ||
| the same port as the hard drive, it generally *should* recover just | ||
| fine from the occasional buffer under-run incurred by a head park | ||
| request to the HD. Actually, when you are using an ide driver rather | ||
| than its libata counterpart (i.e. your disk is called /dev/hda | ||
| instead of /dev/sda), then parking the heads of one drive (drive X) | ||
| will generally not affect the mode of operation of another drive | ||
| (drive Y) on the same port as described above. It is only when a port | ||
| reset is required to recover from an exception on drive Y that further | ||
| I/O operations on that drive (and the reset itself) will be delayed | ||
| until drive X is no longer in the parked state. | ||
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| Finally, there are some hard drives that only comply with an earlier | ||
| version of the ATA standard than ATA-7, but do support the unload | ||
| feature nonetheless. Unfortunately, there is no safe way Linux can | ||
| detect these devices, so you won't be able to write to the | ||
| unload_heads attribute. If you know that your device really does | ||
| support the unload feature (for instance, because the vendor of your | ||
| laptop or the hard drive itself told you so), then you can tell the | ||
| kernel to enable the usage of this feature for that drive by writing | ||
| the special value -1 to the unload_heads attribute: | ||
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| # echo -1 > /sys/block/sda/device/unload_heads | ||
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| will enable the feature for /dev/sda, and giving -2 instead of -1 will | ||
| disable it again. | ||
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| 3. References | ||
| ------------- | ||
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| There are several laptops from different vendors featuring shock | ||
| protection capabilities. As manufacturers have refused to support open | ||
| source development of the required software components so far, Linux | ||
| support for shock protection varies considerably between different | ||
| hardware implementations. Ideally, this section should contain a list | ||
| of pointers at different projects aiming at an implementation of shock | ||
| protection on different systems. Unfortunately, I only know of a | ||
| single project which, although still considered experimental, is fit | ||
| for use. Please feel free to add projects that have been the victims | ||
| of my ignorance. | ||
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| - http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/HDAPS | ||
| See this page for information about Linux support of the hard disk | ||
| active protection system as implemented in IBM/Lenovo Thinkpads. | ||
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| 4. CREDITS | ||
| ---------- | ||
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| This implementation of disk head parking has been inspired by a patch | ||
| originally published by Jon Escombe <lists@dresco.co.uk>. My efforts | ||
| to develop an implementation of this feature that is fit to be merged | ||
| into mainline have been aided by various kernel developers, in | ||
| particular by Tejun Heo and Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz. |
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