How can I log in to Mac OS X without starting the graphical user interface?

Your Macintosh must be set up such that it prompts you for a username and password (not a list of possible users to select from). Change this setting in the Users control panel of System Preferences. After logging out or booting, type

>console

into the username field and leave the password field empty. You will be presented a standard UNIX log in prompt.

Note that this doesn’t work when the Apple Remote Desktop service is running on your Mac, which is the case for most of the Macs in the institute.